I want to format my internal sdcard. From CWM in mounts and storage there is an option for both "format /sdcard", and also an option for "format /data/sdcard".
If I flash New Rom, GAPPS, and then restore app backups can I then safely format the sdcard? I know people have regrettably formatted their sdcard following a format of system, data, cache etc and then be up s!#t creek as they deleted their Rom that was on the internal storage.
I just want to make sure that I'm not going to do this and then have a phone that won't boot up.
Thanks for any help.
Sent from my Optimus G using xda premium
brunswick000 said:
I want to format my internal sdcard. From CWM in mounts and storage there is an option for both "format /sdcard", and also an option for "format /data/sdcard".
If I flash New Rom, GAPPS, and then restore app backups can I then safely format the sdcard? I know people have regrettably formatted their sdcard following a format of system, data, cache etc and then be up s!#t creek as they deleted their Rom that was on the internal storage.
I just want to make sure that I'm not going to do this and then have a phone that won't boot up.
Thanks for any help.
Sent from my Optimus G using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You should backup everything you want to save to your computer, see if your recovery allow adb, if yes, wipe /sdcard then push rom and gapps back. If no, do like you said, flash rom and gapps then wipe /sdcard.
chadouming said:
You should backup everything you want to save to your computer, see if your recovery allow adb, if yes, wipe /sdcard then push rom and gapps back. If no, do like you said, flash rom and gapps then wipe /sdcard.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks. I actually managed to use the adb method, and miraculously it worked. Everything seems to be right in the "right" place. Thanks so much.
Not sure how you're finding time to make builds, post in development, and answer threads in Q&A though. You'll need a vacation after all of this.
Thanks once again
Sent from my Optimus G using xda premium
brunswick000 said:
Thanks. I actually managed to use the adb method, and miraculously it worked. Everything seems to be right in the "right" place. Thanks so much.
Not sure how you're finding time to make builds, post in development, and answer threads in Q&A though. You'll need a vacation after all of this.
Thanks once again
Sent from my Optimus G using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Eh, it's easy when you don't have a phone.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
Related
I would like to wipe the sdcard storage, but I don't know if it's possible...
I have a gsm galaxy nexus, rooted, unlocked, not official JB Rom, with the last version of CWM.
I'm worried because of the clockwordmod folder, which contains the backups (which I don't want to save). Is this folder necessary for the program to work?
If there's no problem, is there a way to do that in recovery mode?
Of course I'll do that when changing new Rom, just to avoid apps problems.
Sorry about my English.
Enviado desde mi Galaxy Nexus usando XDA Premium HD app
guillermo1996 said:
I would like to wipe the sdcard storage, but I don't know if it's possible...
I have a gsm galaxy nexus, rooted, unlocked, not official JB Rom, with the last version of CWM.
I'm worried because of the clockwordmod folder, which contains the backups (which I don't want to save). Is this folder necessary for the program to work?
If there's no problem, is there a way to do that in recovery mode?
Of course I'll do that when changing new Rom, just to avoid apps problems.
Sorry about my English.
Enviado desde mi Galaxy Nexus usando XDA Premium HD app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
you don't need the clockworkmod folder on your internal sdcard for CWM recovery to work on your phone. If you wipe the sdcard, you'll lose any back-ups, but the recovery will work fine.
Within CWM recovery, go to "mounts and storage" and then "format /sdcard", and that will wipe it.
edit to add:
while this will wipe your sdcard, there is no need to format /sdcard before flashing a new ROM. as long as you wipe data, cache, and dalvik cache, you should be good to go to install a new ROM.
jss2 said:
you don't need the clockworkmod folder on your internal sdcard for CWM recovery to work on your phone. If you wipe the sdcard, you'll lose any back-ups, but the recovery will work fine.
Within CWM recovery, go to "mounts and storage" and then "format /sdcard", and that will wipe it.
edit to add:
while this will wipe your sdcard, there is no need to format /sdcard before flashing a new ROM. as long as you wipe data, cache, and dalvik cache, you should be good to go to install a new ROM.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the answer. I know I don't need to wipe sdcard, is just that I have installed so many apps, and there are a lot of folders (the app Sd Maid don't clean everything) that I don't need, and I would like to clean it.
Enviado desde mi Galaxy Nexus usando XDA Premium HD app
guillermo1996 said:
Thanks for the answer. I know I don't need to wipe sdcard, is just that I have installed so many apps, and there are a lot of folders (the app Sd Maid don't clean everything) that I don't need, and I would like to clean it.
Enviado desde mi Galaxy Nexus usando XDA Premium HD app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did this and I plugged my phone in and everything is still on the storage :/ Any help?
bretski169 said:
I did this and I plugged my phone in and everything is still on the storage :/ Any help?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Are you kidding? This is thread is like older than I can remember, your issue is most likely different, reported for closing.
a manta wrote this.
Looking to see if one of the awesome devs here can whip something up. On previous devices we seemed to have some flashable wipe scripts that would do a thorough job of cleaning the device before a flash. For instance one could wipe cache, dalvic, data, and system, as well as do some sort of disc alignment in one flashable script. It would mount the proper partitions and ensure that the device was clean for a fresh install. With all the choices between aosp, ics, and jelly bean roms, this may help alleviate some of the questions about what,and how to wipe properly. I for one would love to see a similar file for this device.
Sent from my SGH-I747 using xda premium
Micronads said:
Looking to see if one of the awesome devs here can whip something up. On previous devices we seemed to have some flashable wipe scripts that would do a thorough job of cleaning the device before a flash. For instance one could wipe cache, dalvic, data, and system, as well as do some sort of disc alignment in one flashable script. It would mount the proper partitions and ensure that the device was clean for a fresh install. With all the choices between aosp, ics, and jelly bean roms, this may help alleviate some of the questions about what,and how to wipe properly. I for one would love to see a similar file for this device.
Sent from my SGH-I747 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1, I was using a super wipe script on my Galaxy Nexus and it helps streamline and optimize flashes
Micronads said:
Looking to see if one of the awesome devs here can whip something up. On previous devices we seemed to have some flashable wipe scripts that would do a thorough job of cleaning the device before a flash. For instance one could wipe cache, dalvic, data, and system, as well as do some sort of disc alignment in one flashable script. It would mount the proper partitions and ensure that the device was clean for a fresh install. With all the choices between aosp, ics, and jelly bean roms, this may help alleviate some of the questions about what,and how to wipe properly. I for one would love to see a similar file for this device.
Sent from my SGH-I747 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If people have any questions about how to wipe or what wipes are necessary for there particular flash I believe they should read more and learn about there device inside and out so they won't need to ask such questions and can fix problems themselves, not spoon feed them a do all script that they have no clue what it's doing or afterwards if something goes wrong they will have no clue how they got there or how to fix it. My 2c.
I do see your point of making it easier for power users however, but in reality most fresh install require 3 different wipes all located right next to each other(twrp) and dirty installs even less, I don't really see that 10 seconds it takes to wipe the phone clean to be such an issue, but that's just me. Not trying to argue or flame, just my thoughts.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I747 using Tapatalk 2
I don't know about disk alignment but this will do the wiping for you.
I know this is obvious but don't run this from the internal storage. Only do it from external.
http://goo.im/devs/crawrj/Android/ATT_GS3/CWM-Wipe-All-GS3.zip
corythug said:
If people have any questions about how to wipe or what wipes are necessary for there particular flash I believe they should read more and learn about there device inside and out so they won't need to ask such questions and can fix problems themselves, not spoon feed them a do all script that they have no clue what it's doing or afterwards if something goes wrong they will have no clue how they got there or how to fix it. My 2c.
I do see your point of making it easier for power users however, but in reality most fresh install require 3 different wipes all located right next to each other(twrp) and dirty installs even less, I don't really see that 10 seconds it takes to wipe the phone clean to be such an issue, but that's just me. Not trying to argue or flame, just my thoughts.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I747 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No clue on how they got there or how to fix it? It is a wipe script, not a magically fix and load custom stuff on there phone script. Again if you cant help then don't post.
crawrj said:
I don't know about disk alignment but this will do the wiping for you.
I know this is obvious but don't run this from the internal storage. Only do it from external.
http://goo.im/devs/crawrj/Android/ATT_GS3/CWM-Wipe-All-GS3.zip
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does this wipe internal storage? Based on your instructions I am assuming so.
That's the problem to use a script to wipe data also wipe your internal sdcard. The only safe way is to use a custom recovery that doesn't wipe /data/media. I can look into it and see if it can be done without wiping data/media but no promises...
The link above just deletes the directories, including data so i wouldn't recommend using that if you want to keep your internal sd contents.
Here is the one we used on the hercules, maybe you can try to make it work on this device.
smokin1337 said:
That's the problem to use a script to wipe data also wipe your internal sdcard. The only safe way is to use a custom recovery that doesn't wipe /data/media. I can look into it and see if it can be done without wiping data/media but no promises...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you sir. I have attached in the post above this the script that was used on the S2. Maybe you can do something with it.
Micronads said:
Does this wipe internal storage? Based on your instructions I am assuming so.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah it wipes data like a factory reset.
---------- Post added at 02:56 PM ---------- Previous post was at 02:55 PM ----------
smokin1337 said:
That's the problem to use a script to wipe data also wipe your internal sdcard. The only safe way is to use a custom recovery that doesn't wipe /data/media. I can look into it and see if it can be done without wiping data/media but no promises...
The link above just deletes the directories, including data so i wouldn't recommend using that if you want to keep your internal sd contents.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You could have it backup /data/media and restore it after the wipe. Of course the better way would be to just skip it but I am not sure how to do that.
OK here is a new one that will wipe data but not /data/media.
http://goo.im/devs/crawrj/Android/ATT_GS3/CWM-Wipe-All-GS3.zip
Edit: It still wipes cache, system and dalvik just to be clear.
So it wipes data, system, cache, and dalvic. I was only concerned because i thought your original one wiped sdcard.
Edit. Did you see the file i posted from the last script i used?
Sent from my SGH-I747 using xda premium
Micronads said:
So it wipes data, system, cache, and dalvic. I was only concerned because i thought your original one wiped sdcard.
Edit. Did you see the file i posted from the last script i used?
Sent from my SGH-I747 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah it wipes all of those but doesn't wipe /data/media. The original one did wipe all of data so I fixed it to skip media.
I must have missed that post but to be honest I am weary of the disk align thing. I have never done it and have never had a problem so I likely never would use it.
Sent from my SPH-D710 using xda premium
Will this work on the T-Mobile S3?
pgg285 said:
Will this work on the T-Mobile S3?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It will as long as your partitions are the same. I can't imagine why they wouldn't be. I know Sprints are. Once I get to the office I will check it out.
Edit: Yes it will work on the T-Mobile S3.
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I747 using xda premium
I'm noticing errors on roms i never used to notice.. like a day after flashing, random apps like messages and keyboard are FC'ing, when they never used to do that.
Is there a guide somewhere how to completely wipe every trace of use on my phone and start fresh? I'm afraid of wiping away some critical file and bricking my phone by just wiping everything I can find though.
theraker007 said:
I'm noticing errors on roms i never used to notice.. like a day after flashing, random apps like messages and keyboard are FC'ing, when they never used to do that.
Is there a guide somewhere how to completely wipe every trace of use on my phone and start fresh? I'm afraid of wiping away some critical file and bricking my phone by just wiping everything I can find though.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Go into CWM and Factory Reset -> Wipe Cache -> Wipe Dalvik Cache. Then go to mounts and storage and Format /data, Format /system. I normally format /sdcard as well, but MAKE SURE YOU HAVE BACKED UP TO AN EXTERNAL SD CARD.
i always due all except format SD card.. maybe thats why things are in conflict.. ive never done that one...
With the new method of using the internal SD as the phone data storage this is entirely possible. If there are files/databases for apps stored on the SD that is incompatible with the apps in questions problems can arise. I would suggest you make a full copy of your internal SD to a safe location and format, then after the ROM install if you find you are missing app data for something that cant be easily rebuilt you can copy that app's data back specifically to avoid resurrecting the problem.
Sounds like a wise move. Thank you sir.
I imagine I need to put the recovery image back in the sd card immediately, or is cwm smart enough to save that one?
theraker007 said:
Sounds like a wise move. Thank you sir.
I imagine I need to put the recovery image back in the sd card immediately, or is cwm smart enough to save that one?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Cwm shouldn't blow away itself. 99.9% sure it won't.
saj222 said:
Cwm shouldn't blow away itself. 99.9% sure it won't.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, the recovery is stored in its own partition and up until the last version of CWM i used (6.0 something) there is no option to modify the recovery partition at all. I switched to TWRP for multiple reasons, one of which is the ability to include a backup of the recovery partition in backups.
Is it perfectly safe to format the internal sd card? I've made a backup of the sd card a little while ago contemplating this but couldn't find any good info on this. I'm more or less in the same boat and would like to start 100% fresh
Sent from my SGH-I747M using xda premium
thatsupnow said:
Is it perfectly safe to format the internal sd card? I've made a backup of the sd card a little while ago contemplating this but couldn't find any good info on this. I'm more or less in the same boat and would like to start 100% fresh
Sent from my SGH-I747M using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeap :good:, the only risk of formatting the internal stoarge is losing the data on it, big shocker huh , unless of course you were to format to an unsupported file system. I dont think this is even possible without trying real hard to do so.
Cool cool thanks man yea I'm not worried about any of the data on the internal
Sent from my SGH-I747M using xda premium
Does the recovery get wiped too if the internal sd card is wiped?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I747 using xda app-developers app
thatsupnow said:
Is it perfectly safe to format the internal sd card? I've made a backup of the sd card a little while ago contemplating this but couldn't find any good info on this. I'm more or less in the same boat and would like to start 100% fresh
Sent from my SGH-I747M using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If it is just applications data for the most part I just get rid of it and let the app use its new fresh installed data, even just delete the folder when I have no idea what it's for or who put it there. Because, if the app or system needs it, it will just put it back. Personal data is all I worry about, but I back that up in Google contacts and such so they just show up when it sync.
And I just save zips, and movies, and apk and such.
Then wipe the rest, no worries mate, I don't bother with backup restore anymore.
Sent from my SGH-I997 using xda app-developers app
Deoxlar said:
Does the recovery get wiped too if the internal sd card is wiped?
Sent from my SAMSUNG-SGH-I747 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No
Attached are three recovery flashable wiping tools I use when doing my work.
I find them to be incredibly useful tools that save some power button & volume rocker mashing, and time.
Wipe Cache and Dalvik - Wipes Cache and Dalvik (duh!)
Useful for:
-Flashing GApps
-Resolving app issues
Wipe Full - Wipes Cache, Dalvik, Data, and System
-Wipes just about all data except internal sd card
-Stops just short of a factory reset (does not wipe media)
-Useful for flashing ROMs within a type (e.g. going from one CM ROM to another CM ROM)
Wipe Full Factory Reset - Wipes Cache, Dalvik, Data, System, and internal sd card
-Useful when going from one ROM type to another (e.g. going from CM to TW)
_____________________
This is the part of the updater-script that selectively wipes /data in case anyone wants to add this to their ROM:
Code:
delete_recursive("/data/dalvik-cache");
delete_recursive("/data/app");
delete_recursive("/data/app-asec");
delete_recursive("/data/app-private");
delete_recursive("/data/backup");
delete_recursive("/data/data");
delete_recursive("/data/drm");
delete_recursive("/data/log");
delete_recursive("/data/misc");
delete_recursive("/data/property");
delete_recursive("/data/system");
delete_recursive("/data/time");
delete_recursive("/data/user");
Changing the code above to the code below effectively performs a factory reset
(look at /data/media and you will see your internal sd card)
Code:
delete_recursive("/data");
As Always - Flash at your own risk!
First! And am trying it* now
Sent from my SPH-L710 using xda app-developers app
This would be nice as long as it doesn't do what the other wipe zips did posted awhile back....
w8setter said:
This would be nice as long as it doesn't do what the other wipe zips did posted awhile back....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I use these all the time. There should be no problems.
The only possible issue is that there are additional Sprint specific folders in /data that should be deleted as well to complete the wiping process.
What happened with the other wipe zips?
Um read the post and the part where it says wipe everything except internal sd......does this mean it'll wipe external sd as well or not?
Also does this wipes Sprint specific files and if it does what's the repercussion?
Sent from my SPH-L710 using xda app-developers app
fabzbear said:
Um read the post and the part where it says wipe everything except internal sd......does this mean it'll wipe external sd as well or not?
Also does this wipes Sprint specific files and if it does what's the repercussion?
Sent from my SPH-L710 using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Full Wipe is just like a factory reset, except it does not wipe your internal sd card. And like a factory reset, this will not wipe your external sd card. As shown in the OP it only wipes files in /data.
The repercussions are effectively the same as a factory reset you would perform in recovery.
I added a full wipe with factory reset zip to the OP and updated the post to reflect the changes.
upndwn4par said:
I use these all the time. There should be no problems.
The only possible issue is that there are additional Sprint specific folders in /data that should be deleted as well to complete the wiping process.
What happened with the other wipe zips?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There was a previous mod created by someone who just kind of copied and pasted and the wipe actually wiped some serious items that caused the phone to brick. I don't remember what it actually wiped (partition I think) but it was very important to the phone, it was eventually fixed but there were a lot of angry people with shiny new paperweights instead of phones.
Jfree3000 said:
There was a previous mod created by someone who just kind of copied and pasted and the wipe actually wiped some serious items that caused the phone to brick. I don't remember what it actually wiped (partition I think) but it was very important to the phone, it was eventually fixed but there were a lot of angry people with shiny new paperweights instead of phones.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hopefully one of the local devs that you guys trust will stop by and give these zips the all clear.
Otherwise you will be without some handy tools.
Can any dev's confirm, yet
¡Puta Barca!
VikingoRMCF said:
Can any dev's confirm, yet
¡Puta Barca!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You already tried them when you flashed CSROM.
Cool, then I can say it works great!
Thank you!
Jfree3000 said:
There was a previous mod created by someone who just kind of copied and pasted and the wipe actually wiped some serious items that caused the phone to brick. I don't remember what it actually wiped (partition I think) but it was very important to the phone, it was eventually fixed but there were a lot of angry people with shiny new paperweights instead of phones.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I remember that.....good memory. Thanks for these brother.
D
Sent from my Slider SL101 using xda premium
I just wanted to confirm that when I was switching from Paranoid Android (CM10 based ROM) to Galaxy S fre3 2.34d (TW based ROM), I was left with about 2.5GB of internal space because the wipe options in recovery were not wiping properly.
I successfully used the factory reset zip and then flashed a new ROM and now have 11.65GB available on internal storage.
THANKS OP!
Thanks to the OP for his work. Now, stupid "user who doesn't know anything" question;
Some instructions and videos say to use the "format" function (e.g.; format system format cache, etc)
In the command code: what is different between a "wipe" and a "format"?
Sent from my SPH-L710 using Xparent Skyblue Tapatalk 2
I would try this but im old school hehe
Sent from my Nexus S 4G using Tapatalk 2
Just what i needed, it works flawlessly
I was running a CM M1 nightly and wanted to update I used the wrote and factory reset zip and it wiped my entire internal memory...
I'm not sure why this happened I used this zip before without issue but it sucked getting phone restored and trying to in delete at least pictures on the phone.
I noticed that the least couple of nightlies is creating a folder called 0 and moving all directories there. Not sure if that had anything to do with it.
I just wanted to share not complaining. Thanks! :beer:
Sent from my SPH-L710 using xda premium
edisonalvarez said:
I was running a CM M1 nightly and wanted to update I used the wrote and factory reset zip and it wiped my entire internal memory...
I'm not sure why this happened I used this zip before without issue but it sucked getting phone restored and trying to in delete at least pictures on the phone.
I noticed that the least couple of nightlies is creating a folder called 0 and moving all directories there. Not sure if that had anything to do with it.
I just wanted to share not complaining. Thanks! :beer:
Sent from my SPH-L710 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Lolololol sucks for you.
Sent from my SPH-L710 using Xparent Skyblue Tapatalk 2
edisonalvarez said:
I was running a CM M1 nightly and wanted to update I used the wrote and factory reset zip and it wiped my entire internal memory...
I'm not sure why this happened I used this zip before without issue but it sucked getting phone restored and trying to in delete at least pictures on the phone.
I noticed that the least couple of nightlies is creating a folder called 0 and moving all directories there. Not sure if that had anything to do with it.
I just wanted to share not complaining. Thanks! :beer:
Sent from my SPH-L710 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry you lost your files.
The factory reset zip does perform a factory reset. That is what it is supposed to do.
Are you sure you didn't use the full wipe before?
I always store my important stuff on my external sd card so this can't happen. I also keep the factory reset zip in a separate folder so I can't use it by accident (I've done that before).
And yes, the CM 10.1 ROMs will create the "0" folder (which is for profiles) and will also usually create new (often multiple) sdcard0 folders.
Im using twrp recovery, can i format my internal storage without bricking my device? I will still have access to download mode, and recovery?
Sent from my SM-N900T using xda app-developers app
Also in twrp recovery we have 2 options to "wipe internal storage" or "format internal storage" isn't that the same?
Sent from my SM-N900T using xda app-developers app
Yes you will still have access to DL mode and recovery.
Sent from my SM-N900T using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Thank you for your reply, i still wonder what's the difference between wipe and format? I should be able to flash a rom through recovery after wiping and formating?
Sent from my SM-N900T using xda app-developers app
wipe - deletes everything on internal storage preserving partition structure
format - recreates internal storage partition from scratch so to say
Usually wipe is more safe, format might end up with corrupt partition structure if something goes wrong
And NO, you cannot flash ROM after wipe/format unless ROM zip is on your external storage.
Thank you nejil8. I will try to flash this rom http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2468083 because when i try, it boot loops in the very first logo screen it wont go past the very first logo. Ironically, I have installed darthstalker rom several times with no problem.
I always wipe
-cache
-dalvik cache
-system
-data
I will try wiping "internal storage" and see if it boots up. Thank you for your help.
I forgot to mention im using twrp 2.6.3.2 not the latest version. Sometimes i wonder if that's causing the boot loop at very first logo.
Sent from my SM-N900T using xda app-developers app
christisnfermin said:
I forgot to mention im using twrp 2.6.3.2 not the latest version. Sometimes i wonder if that's causing the boot loop at very first logo.
Sent from my SM-N900T using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
It's very important to update to the latest twrp. I'm not sure how old your version is
sent from my ??????? note 3?
christisnfermin said:
Thank you nejil8. I will try to flash this rom http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2468083 because when i try, it boot loops in the very first logo screen it wont go past the very first logo. Ironically, I have installed darthstalker rom several times with no problem.
I always wipe
-cache
-dalvik cache
-system
-data
I will try wiping "internal storage" and see if it boots up. Thank you for your help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Update your recovery, flash the ROM and see this for fixing bootloop. Wiping internal storage wont help.
Use adb to push all files needed to /sdcard and have them available for flashing in recovery.
Thank you to all that were helpful. I decided to go back to stock using this method how to unbrick unroot NOTE 3 I was able to enable unlimited native tethering and rerooted and install this amazing program Xposed framework (you can record calls an many many more tweaks. I don't really need a custom rom, i mainly wanted unlimited tethering that's all. I also have Next launcher 3D NEXT laucher 3D is SICK. I don't need anything esle. That launcher is a major GO.