Oneplus 3 slow and laggy after waking up from sleep state - OnePlus 3 Questions & Answers

Rooted, custom ROM (Freedom OS) and custom kernel (ElementalX) but this was happening before the installation of Freedom OS.
Everything will be amazing and fast then when I use the phone after it's been asleep for a while it's really slow.
Tried resetting which initially works but slows right down again after a wake-up. Also tried wiping cache and davlik via TWRP but again, after initially working, soon slows down.
Short of keeping my phone's screen on 24/7 and having it running like that I don't know what to do.
Any suggestions?

showofdeth said:
Rooted, custom ROM (Freedom OS) and custom kernel (ElementalX) but this was happening before the installation of Freedom OS.
Everything will be amazing and fast then when I use the phone after it's been asleep for a while it's really slow.
Tried resetting which initially works but slows right down again after a wake-up. Also tried wiping cache and davlik via TWRP but again, after initially working, soon slows down.
Short of keeping my phone's screen on 24/7 and having it running like that I don't know what to do.
Any suggestions?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you explain what kind of slowness or lag?
Sent from my OnePlus3 using XDA Labs

Prattham said:
Can you explain what kind of slowness or lag?
Sent from my OnePlus3 using XDA Labs
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sure.
Lag as in open an app and it'll take a few seconds and stutter. Slow as in like an old phone opening apps and such. Before the slowdown it'll be fast and buttery smooth but after waking the phone from sleep it's painfully slow until I perform a cache wipe and restart. Then the same happens again.

Related

Phone getting slower and slower?

I just got my phone recently and immediately flashed maguro milestone 5 and franco's kernel on top. I've been using it for almost a week now and at the beginning everything was fast but it has become noticeably slower on some areas like opening apps, typing on the keyboard and camera as of today. I'm guessing it's not rom or kernel related because it was really fast coming from a full wipe. I figured I must be doing something wrong or is there anything else that I should be doing? Hacks or mods?
I've already set my governor to ondemand and increased the max frequency.
I also noticed leaving your wifi open chews up your battery a lot especially when you open it and leave your phone at idle, are there settings that I should be tinkering with for this to stop? I've never experienced this with any of my previous android phones.
Thank you!
I'd see if the same thing happens on stock rom, cause I don't think it does.
Did you do a full wipe before flashing aokp m5 ?
Sent from my Nexus S using Tapatalk 2
When coming from stock to aokp/cm9 it is usualy recommended to do a factory reset after installation and boot. First copy/save important files/music/backups etc to your pc.
Yep full wipe and everything I also noticed my notification screen gets laggy 1/10 times I swipe it down. It becomes all stuttery for a few seconds before it finally reaches down.
Like I said, everything was working fine after my fresh install. It only started to happen 4-6 days after.
kingofthebraves said:
Yep full wipe and everything I also noticed my notification screen gets laggy 1/10 times I swipe it down. It becomes all stuttery for a few seconds before it finally reaches down.
Like I said, everything was working fine after my fresh install. It only started to happen 4-6 days after.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Well, its hard to imagine that ics slows down at a GN, it runs fine here on my NS..
Try to flash a different rom maybe..
Sent from my Nexus S using Tapatalk 2
kingofthebraves said:
Yep full wipe and everything I also noticed my notification screen gets laggy 1/10 times I swipe it down. It becomes all stuttery for a few seconds before it finally reaches down.
Like I said, everything was working fine after my fresh install. It only started to happen 4-6 days after.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Maybe to many or stampeding apps inn the background? How is deep sleep, processor temperature, battery time?
Set wipe cache every time it boots in m5
Setting>RomCtrl>Strt-uptweaks>Clear cache
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
I have been running AOKP m4 + Franco and since m5 came out i flashed it so now im with m5+ Franco, been on m5 for over a week now no problem at all.. But my governor its set to interactive... No lag at all
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
JuLes' MostWanted said:
Set wipe cache every time it boots in m5
Setting>RomCtrl>Strt-uptweaks>Clear cache
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'll try this out, Thank you.
Anyone else experiencing the notification bar lag? I tried swiping it up and down 20x and it really does get jerky once in a while. Could be because of the toggle widgets settings?
msedek said:
I have been running AOKP m4 + Franco and since m5 came out i flashed it so now im with m5+ Franco, been on m5 for over a week now no problem at all.. But my governor its set to interactive... No lag at all
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Tried setting clear cache and governor to interactive and so far so good! Tried playing around with the notification bar and opening and closing apps and it seems much much better now. Thank you! Weird how it could have been cache related.
Do any of you tinker with the settings for wifi? I set it on always on and get horrible battery life when I leave it open. This never happened on my old s2.

Is it normal for a phone to slow down after awhile?

I've experienced this issue twice now wherein my phone would get extremely slow and laggy to the point that it's unbearable to use anymore and the only solution was a reboot. Launcher keeps on restarting, messaging app takes 5 seconds to open, camera is lagging etc and this is after a week of uptime at least.
Why does this happen in the first place and am I the only one experiencing this? I've been running only maguro milestone 5 and franco for the past month, no other roms whatsoever. Once I power down and reboot everything becomes nice and fast again.
Never happened to me on stock.
I'd say it's "normal" for a phone to slow down over time as you add apps and things, but it should never slow down to a crawl and start crashing until you reboot.
kingofthebraves said:
I've experienced this issue twice now wherein my phone would get extremely slow and laggy to the point that it's unbearable to use anymore and the only solution was a reboot. Launcher keeps on restarting, messaging app takes 5 seconds to open, camera is lagging etc and this is after a week of uptime at least.
Why does this happen in the first place and am I the only one experiencing this? I've been running only maguro milestone 5 and franco for the past month, no other roms whatsoever. Once I power down and reboot everything becomes nice and fast again.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
normal for it to slow down a bit but not like how you described it. i'm running stock though.
It's not normal. Install some monitoring tool like "OS Monitor" and run it when the problem happens to find out the culprit.
Oh and installing multiple apps will not slow down the phone. This is not Windows 95.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2
zapek666 said:
It's not normal. Install some monitoring tool like "OS Monitor" and run it when the problem happens to find out the culprit.
Oh and installing multiple apps will not slow down the phone. This is not Windows 95.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
lol at the windows 95 comment
although the # of apps you have alone shouldnt slow your phone down, if you have a ton of apps running in the background eating up ram it may slow down if the available free ram you have is really really low
when your phone is laggy check the ram first
Thanks guys I'll try OS monitor to see what's running. It just happened again right now and this is getting annoying, even typing is laggy but after a reboot everything is normal again.
Kill background apps.
Sent from my i9250
So far I have not had that issue. Probably like everyone else said. There is some run away app that's eating up your memory
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2
Its not normal, but aokp does have a bug. Check your system process in system panel, it grows larger over time if you use lock screen options etc.

[Q] My Phone freezes while Installing Apps

Hi.!
I have a disturbing problem with my gnex.
Running Xylon 14 stable with franco kernel. I always use latest version of everything.
But my problem comes from past time and still continues.
When i install an app, from market, from blackmkrt or as an apk doesnt matter my phone frozes for 30 secs.
I cant do anything while doing that. Then it comes back to normal.
Its really annoying cuz sometimes play store crashes because of that, my navbar goes then comes back.
i have over 140 apps installed and i always flash roms wiping data and cache. always clean install.
but restoring apps from titanium backup.
When i do clean flash, if i install anything from anywhere, nothing happens, my phone acts normal.
Is this related to titanium backup? or Rom problem (Which i dont think so) or Related to so many apps installed.
Thank you..
Probably one of the apps u r restoring using Titanium Backup is giving u problem. I would do a clean install and download/install the apps one by one instead of restoring them with titanium backup. I know is painful doing this for 140+ apps but I don't think u use all of them.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
jjjameson said:
Hi.!
I have a disturbing problem with my gnex.
Running Xylon 14 stable with franco kernel. I always use latest version of everything.
But my problem comes from past time and still continues.
When i install an app, from market, from blackmkrt or as an apk doesnt matter my phone frozes for 30 secs.
I cant do anything while doing that. Then it comes back to normal.
Its really annoying cuz sometimes play store crashes because of that, my navbar goes then comes back.
i have over 140 apps installed and i always flash roms wiping data and cache. always clean install.
but restoring apps from titanium backup.
When i do clean flash, if i install anything from anywhere, nothing happens, my phone acts normal.
Is this related to titanium backup? or Rom problem (Which i dont think so) or Related to so many apps installed.
Thank you..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm having the same issue, not quite as bad as 30 secs, but my phone will practically lock up when installing or uninstalling apps, or just any general file operation. I am also using xylon (16-1, also tried 19 and tried xenonhd latest). Tried multiple kernels doesn't seem to make any difference.
If you haven't already tried using Lagfix from the market, that might just fix your problem, I think it worked for me a couple times but I'm not 100%. Now it doesn't see to help at all.
Yesterday I decided to wipe everything and install from scratch, installing all apps from the market, and a few manually, it seemed better at first. Then I restored a few remaining apps with Titanium Backup (i needed to restore the data and app). Not sure if thats made it worse or not but it still hangs when installing/uninstalling apps. Very frustrating, after I spent probably over 4 hours (I have a lot of apps).
Seems like the CPU clock gets maxed out when this happens, but I can't see high usage from any apps in particular... I know this is not normal behavior because last week my phone was running perfectly with same rom and kernel, it would not lag/freeze when doing any file transfers or installs etc..
Wish I could pinpoint this issue its really driving me nuts. However I think you should definitely try Lagfix it might fix your issue.
i had the same thing happening on every rom/ kernel i tried .
and i also noticed that the cpu usage spikes to 100% for the time the device locks up.
i also noticed unusual high cpu usage whenever i/o was happening.
so i finally returned to stock and have not had any lock ups yet and the cpu never goes to 100% during i/o. its also high, but not maxed out.
i also noticed this on other devices with custom roms which makes me believe that it has to do with some stuff that was changed in the rom or kernel.
i will stay on stock for some time to see if the lockup will come back because everybody tells me it will... so i will report back in a couple of days and let you know if it started to lag.
oh and i restored all apps with titan backup like i had them in the custom rom so this can not be the issue.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
grognaz said:
i had the same thing happening on every rom/ kernel i tried .
and i also noticed that the cpu usage spikes to 100% for the time the device locks up.
i also noticed unusual high cpu usage whenever i/o was happening.
so i finally returned to stock and have not had any lock ups yet and the cpu never goes to 100% during i/o. its also high, but not maxed out.
i also noticed this on other devices with custom roms which makes me believe that it has to do with some stuff that was changed in the rom or kernel.
i will stay on stock for some time to see if the lockup will come back because everybody tells me it will... so i will report back in a couple of days and let you know if it started to lag.
oh and i restored all apps with titan backup like i had them in the custom rom so this can not be the issue.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I can confirm the high CPU usage during the heavy i/o was happening. My phone would run cpu clock maxed, and then gets hot. One of the processes using a lot of CPU was System or System UI. I was also getting system ui crashes, without a error message though, it would just close and restart system UI by itself. When I checked battery stats showed Android_System which is System UI I believe.
I'm going to try again from scratch with a custom rom (one that was at one point not giving me problems xylon 16-1). This time i'm going to wipe everything including the internal SD.
AFAIK dalvik cache is generating right after installing app. Its like boot time increases after wiping dalvik cache.
And if so - its might be CPU greedy =.)
vvorth said:
AFAIK dalvik cache is generating right after installing app. Its like boot time increases after wiping dalvik cache.
And if so - its might be CPU greedy =.)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I see, maybe there is something gone wrong with the dalvik cache or something (I have no clue about dalvik cache) Is there perhaps an upper limit to the number of apps where the dalvik cache gets full or too large that would cause this issue? I've wiped cache and dalvik cache quite often (when trying other kernels recently) and it didn't seem to help the issue.
I went ahead and wiped everything went back to stock 4.2.1, installed 50+ apps via the market, phone barely got warm, and everything continued smoothly no freezing or high cpu usage during this (normally have 175+ apps installed).
I will test restoring app my other apps via Titanium Backup on the stock ROM and see what happens. Will report back...
I don't think I will stay on the stock rom for much longer, there are quite a few tweaks in these custom roms that I'm missing. But I will keep testing for now.
Thanks,
EDIT: Restored my missing apps with titanium (total 104 user apps) and everything is still smooth, including when installing and uninstalling apps from the play store etc... Will wait and see if that changes though.
quick_ said:
I see, maybe there is something gone wrong with the dalvik cache or something (I have no clue about dalvik cache) Is there perhaps an upper limit to the number of apps where the dalvik cache gets full or too large that would cause this issue? I've wiped cache and dalvik cache quite often (when trying other kernels recently) and it didn't seem to help the issue.
I went ahead and wiped everything went back to stock 4.2.1, installed 50+ apps via the market, phone barely got warm, and everything continued smoothly no freezing or high cpu usage during this (normally have 175+ apps installed).
I will test restoring app my other apps via Titanium Backup on the stock ROM and see what happens. Will report back...
I don't think I will stay on the stock rom for much longer, there are quite a few tweaks in these custom roms that I'm missing. But I will keep testing for now.
Thanks,
EDIT: Restored my missing apps with titanium (total 104 user apps) and everything is still smooth, including when installing and uninstalling apps from the play store etc... Will wait and see if that changes though.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Humm, I have the same terrible performance from Play Store. XENON HD Stable 4.0 and Franco kernel r364, although the problem goes back through many prior versions of this ROM and kernel.
I have almost 300 apps on the device, and Play Store seems to be the only one that kills the system. I'm also running the "seeder" app, which helped eliminate all other lag on the device FWIW.
A solution would be awesome, but for now, I just walk away from my comm dev and interact with the spousal unit. Strange, I know.
was1958 said:
Humm, I have the same terrible performance from Play Store. XENON HD Stable 4.0 and Franco kernel r364, although the problem goes back through many prior versions of this ROM and kernel.
I have almost 300 apps on the device, and Play Store seems to be the only one that kills the system. I'm also running the "seeder" app, which helped eliminate all other lag on the device FWIW.
A solution would be awesome, but for now, I just walk away from my comm dev and interact with the spousal unit. Strange, I know.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I should have updated earlier.
What I did was wipe everything including internal sd, then installed paranoid android rom, installed ak.Dummy kernel 673. Let the play store restore all my apps. Everything was smooth as hell almost 24hrs running so perfectly I was even running max cpu at 920mhz, everything was perfect until restoring some last remaining apps with titanium backup.
Soon as I did that lag and freezing has come back. Lag is so bad at times system ui force closes.
Edit: I just uninstalled all the apps that I had restored with titanium backup. So far the lag is still there somewhat.
This is really driving me fn nuts. If I wasn't so used to a lot of these custom rom features/tweaks, I would just stick with the stock 4.2.1 rom. That was the only rom that didn't eventually had even after restoring apps with titanium backup.
Anyway IMO there is something funky going on when restoring apps with titanium backup. That's when it all starts lagging again for me anyway. Device starts to get hot AGAIN (even though I have cpu still set to 920mhz max).
I've had this same issue with the following ROMs:
Xenon hd (latest)
Xylon (16-19 builds)
Paranoid android (latest)
So it doesn't seem to be rom specific...
I'm going to start over again for the millionth time (feels like) and wipe everything, and install paranoid android again but this time avoid titanium backup, but even going to install it.
I will report back.
Re: How do I fix this? Screen issue
quick_ said:
I should have updated earlier.
What I did was wipe everything including internal sd, then installed paranoid android rom, installed ak.Dummy kernel 673. Let the play store restore all my apps. Everything was smooth as hell almost 24hrs running so perfectly I was even running max cpu at 920mhz, everything was perfect until restoring some last remaining apps with titanium backup.
Soon as I did that lag and freezing has come back. Lag is so bad at times system ui force closes.
Edit: I just uninstalled all the apps that I had restored with titanium backup. So far the lag is still there somewhat.
This is really driving me fn nuts. If I wasn't so used to a lot of these custom rom features/tweaks, I would just stick with the stock 4.2.1 rom. That was the only rom that didn't eventually had even after restoring apps with titanium backup.
Anyway IMO there is something funky going on when restoring apps with titanium backup. That's when it all starts lagging again for me anyway. Device starts to get hot AGAIN (even though I have cpu still set to 920mhz max).
I've had this same issue with the following ROMs:
Xenon hd (latest)
Xylon (16-19 builds)
Paranoid android (latest)
So it doesn't seem to be rom specific...
I'm going to start over again for the millionth time (feels like) and wipe everything, and install paranoid android again but this time avoid titanium backup, but even going to install it.
I will report back.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Interesting. I use CWM for the ROM manager and Titanium to restore the apps. Haven't seen the lag problem, except after dirty flashes of XENON. After wiping, the lags went away, but only when using seeder (the free version from these forums).
For a while, I thought it was Facebook causing the lag. Every time I'd check OS Monitor, Facebook was running the CPU's at 40% or more. I backed off the refresh interval to one hour. Its now behaving normally but I'm not convinced that it caused the lags.
I concur: something is causing the lags. Maybe the community can piece together the common elements to isolate it. For now, my phone is running better than new and I'm really happy with the performance.
was1958 said:
Interesting. I use CWM for the ROM manager and Titanium to restore the apps. Haven't seen the lag problem, except after dirty flashes of XENON. After wiping, the lags went away, but only when using seeder (the free version from these forums).
For a while, I thought it was Facebook causing the lag. Every time I'd check OS Monitor, Facebook was running the CPU's at 40% or more. I backed off the refresh interval to one hour. Its now behaving normally but I'm not convinced that it caused the lags.
I concur: something is causing the lags. Maybe the community can piece together the common elements to isolate it. For now, my phone is running better than new and I'm really happy with the performance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I will definitely give this "seeder" app a try this is the first I've heard about it. Thanks!
FWIW, I did have facebook installed but I had all refresh/notifications set to manual and/or off, never did see any high CPU usage with the facebook app in all the times I've been monitoring for this issue.
Thanks again,
You can get the entropy seeder app for free in the forum.
Galaxy Nexus (toro) XENON HD Stable-4.0 Franco kernel r364
was1958 said:
You can get the entropy seeder app for free in the forum.
Galaxy Nexus (toro) XENON HD Stable-4.0 Franco kernel r364
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks!
I've yet to try it thought, been trying to isolate the cause of this lag...which I might have found, sort of...
After wiping and installing everything from scratch 3 more times, it seems like if I go over 100 apps (number might be lower) that seems to the the trigger point. Once I hit this unknown number of apps installed its like a light switch gets flipped and everything goes to @#[email protected]#$, and lag starts.
This last time I only installed the most essential apps (which still was total of 60-70 lol) So far no lag at all, everything is running great, no lag when installing or uninstalling apps on the market etc..
Running as smooth as it does after a complete wipe and first install. So that's my thought for now, no idea what the actually issue is or how to fix it, other than staying below a certain number of apps. This seems to fix this issue for me at least for now anyway.
Few other things to note, I didn't let the market restore my apps automatically, I installed them one by one... Also did not install or use titanium backup, which I was suspecting as the cause initially, but it was just after restoring all my apps with TB, I went over this "X" number of apps installed that would cause the lag to begin.
Will update if anything changes.
i have exactly the same behavior...

ART extremely laggy

After switching to ART on my stock M8 it got extremely laggy at times and froze up to a minute at a time. The phone would also get hot. After switching back to Dalvik everything was fast again. Anyone notice this?
vorter said:
After switching to ART on my stock M8 it got extremely laggy at times and froze up to a minute at a time. The phone would also get hot. After switching back to Dalvik everything was fast again. Anyone notice this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You have to remember ART is still developmental. Also you need to say whether you are on Sense or GPE as there are issues with sense.
Also there are a number of apps that still aren't working with ART.
There are some roms that include it
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2694917
vorter said:
After switching to ART on my stock M8 it got extremely laggy at times and froze up to a minute at a time. The phone would also get hot. After switching back to Dalvik everything was fast again. Anyone notice this?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think your issue is that the phone was throttling due to the heat. Because it probably ran at maximum CPU speeds to optimise the apps for ART, this would have cause the phone to get hot and to feel the need to throttle. Give it some time to cool down and to settle then see if it still feels laggy
Sent from my Nexus 10 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
grentuu said:
You have to remember ART is still developmental. Also you need to say whether you are on Sense or GPE as there are issues with sense.
Also there are a number of apps that still aren't working with ART.
There are some roms that include it
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2694917
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sense on Verizon.
bamboosensei said:
I think your issue is that the phone was throttling due to the heat. Because it probably ran at maximum CPU speeds to optimise the apps for ART, this would have cause the phone to get hot and to feel the need to throttle. Give it some time to cool down and to settle then see if it still feels laggy
Sent from my Nexus 10 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That problem should only last a few minutes or so. This has been happening for 2 weeks until I changed back this morning.
vorter said:
That problem should only last a few minutes or so. This has been happening for 2 weeks until I changed back this morning.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Have a look on here, are any of the apps that are supposedly broken running in the background?
I am not sure when this list was last updated as some of them worked when I used art last time although some of them were definitely broken.
http://www.androidruntime.com/list
as mentioned here
http://www.xda-developers.com/android/android-4-4-kitkats-art-and-app-compatibility/
grentuu said:
Have alook on here, are any of the apps that are supposedly broken running in the background?
I am not sure when this list was last updated as some of them worked when I used art last time although some of them were definitley broken.
http://www.androidruntime.com/list
as mentioned here
http://www.xda-developers.com/android/android-4-4-kitkats-art-and-app-compatibility/
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Didn't see any of my apps that weren't working. I've hard restarted and used only a few essential apps (Yahoo Mail, Hangouts, Snapchat) which are all working on ART and the problem still occurred.
Sent from my HTC6525LVW using XDA Premium 4 mobile app

Apps slow to install on android 5.x.x?

I have noticed ever since I have started using lollipop based roms, the apps seems to install alot slower. For instance I had about 10 apps to install and I went to bed, when I woke up the next day it still wasn't done. They download fast, they just don't install fast like they did with kitkat. Has anyone else noticed this? If so, is there a fix?
johnnyh55 said:
I have noticed ever since I have started using lollipop based roms, the apps seems to install alot slower. For instance I had about 10 apps to install and I went to bed, when I woke up the next day it still wasn't done. They download fast, they just don't install fast like they did with kitkat. Has anyone else noticed this? If so, is there a fix?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Apps definitely install slower on lollipop. It has to do with ART vs Dalvik. Lollipop uses ART by default, where earlier Android versions used Dalvik, though kitkat did have an option to switch to ART. At a high level, on ART your apps will take longer to install because of some pre-compiling that has to take place. They also might take up some more room in your storage. However, they should open faster and hit the CPU a little less hard each time they open when using ART. Whereas on Dalvik some just in time compilation happened every time you started an app.
Not getting 10 apps installed overnight seems extreme. It sounds like your phone went into deep sleep and didn't work on the installation. Do you use something to try and aggressively force your phone to deep sleep when the screen is off, or revoke some "keep awake" privileges somehow? Also, if you use a CPU governor like interactivex that locks your CPU to min frequency when the screen is off, installing apps on lollipop will take a looooong time if your device is sitting with the screen off.
johnnyh55 said:
I have noticed ever since I have started using lollipop based roms, the apps seems to install alot slower. For instance I had about 10 apps to install and I went to bed, when I woke up the next day it still wasn't done. They download fast, they just don't install fast like they did with kitkat. Has anyone else noticed this? If so, is there a fix?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Should be longer, but all night seems excessive, perhaps it failed overnight or your phone went into deepsleep.

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