OnePlus 3 bootloader defaulting to recovery - OnePlus 3 Questions & Answers

Hello,
I am having a problem where my phone is only, as far as I can tell, willing to boot into recovery. From the system, doing a normal reboot ends up in recovery, from powered off it goes into recovery, rebooting from recovery to system ends up back in the recovery, and the fastboot menu's "Continue" option goes reboots to recovery. The only way I can get into the system is to boot via fastboot -- i.e.,
Code:
fastboot boot boot.img
Where boot.img is the one packaged with the rom I am currently running.
This is not convenient because I need to connect it to a computer!
Is there some way to tell the bootloader to not boot recovery by default?
I have tried simply flashing the boot.img from above with:
Code:
fastboot flash boot boot.img
Which doesn't have any noticeable effect.
I suspect I broke something last night kicking around. I flashed the Open Beta 10 Modem & Firmware, then flashed the Open Beta 10 recovery, before changing my mind and installing TWRP 3-28 and Resurrection Remix v5.8. Somewhere in there, fastboot -w got run, but I don't think I did anything else potentially destructive.
Thanks for reading!

Hmm... Try install boot into recovery partition and recovery into boot? I know it's sound like a joke, but it will probably help you while u wait for a beter solution or just solution to repair that problem.
Anyway - maybe try flash old MM firmware?

A solution for me...
For anyone who rolls along and sees this in the future, my fix was:
0. Take a backup of sdcard AND data -- Step 2 will wipe data and sdcard without asking
1. Download the official recovery for the OnePlus 3
2. Use fastboot to boot (I didn't even have to flash) the official OnePlus 3 recovery AGAIN: WARNING: This step wipes all data without asking for confirmation!!!
I have now installed TWRP-3.0.4.0 and Resurrection Remix v5.8.1-20170202 and everything seems to be working just fine.
Thanks to @sylviohneto for finding this fix here: https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/help/critical-bootloader-boot-recovery-fresh-t3530283

I had same problem so for that just take nandroid backup of data and while in turn copy it to pc and any other backup of data you need then format all the partions and reinstall rom and restore data... And if your lock screen have security then check Google you will have to delete a file called locscreen.db from file manager in twrp to access your phone

Related

[Q] help flashing MIUI, my first rom flash

hi
i already unlock the bootloader, install custom recovery TWRP, and done a backup
i also copy my backup to PC
now i'm confuse
- i need to root the phone or can i just flash the new room?
- if i need to root the phone i found an italian guide on 4.0 and attach file, can i use that? i have 4.1.1 on mine now
i'm not interested to have HTC stock with root but what i want is to install MIUI ROM
this is the only guide i found in english that explains how to install the rom
external link (i can't post it) miuiandroid.com/community/threads/installing-the-htc-one-x-required-s-on-steps.16592/
what i understand is:
- boot my device power + menu down, to see the FASTBOOT USB i have to select FASTBOOT
- flash the boot.img
- press the power button once (HBOOT i guess), click volume down, highlight recovery & press power
- Flash the downloaded ROM via recovery normally and it followup at this link
external link (i can't post it) miuiandroid.com/community/threads/how-to-update-upgrade-miui.15424/
i need to copy the img rom in SD ROOT before starting with all this process
- now i need to Wipe data/factory reset, Cache Wipe & Dalvik Cache Wipe in all tutorial i found this is done with clockworkmod
in TWRP under menu WIPE i guess are System, Cache, Dalvik buttons
after that i'm note sure if i need to flash italian language, if i don't need and i can just download it later i tihink is not a big deal
unless is all in chinese
is the metod correct?
do i have to copy ROM file in .zip format as i download?
here where i found ROM
from official site grey button miui.com/download-7.html
OR
from UK web site miuiandroid.com/community/threads/3-4-28.20232/
the boot.img is here
point 3 miuiandroid.com/community/threads/installing-the-htc-one-x-required-s-on-steps.16592/
i'm not sure if would be better to use clockworkmod, since most tutorials use that..
thanks
Doesn't matter which recovery you use. Yes just place the zip file on your sd card. Flash boot.img as you already said. Perform a full wipe and then flash the Rom zip. Reboot and its done.
The Roms are pre-rooted so you dont need to worry about that. Italian language should be included i guess.
Sent from my HTC One X using xda app-developers app
Heres what i do :
1) Put Rom.zip on SD card
2) Put boot.img in fastboot folder
3) fastboot erase cache
4) fastboot flash boot boot.img
5) fastboot erase cache
6) Reboot into recovery
7) Full wipe (except sd card)
8) Install rom
9) Enjoy new rom
Andy
i did my first mess but fortunally i could restore since i had copy the backup on my mac too
i don't know what went wrong but this is what happened:
- i did how was told before, but actually i download boot.img and rom from 2 different sites
- after reboot it didn't move from first screena waited for 15 minutes almost, so i did reboot in recovery tri to wipe but nothing happened
- so i decide to restore... but it did boot even if it was successful
- i thought that if i flashed the boot.img first time i may need to do it again, i found boot.emmc.win, rename it to boot.img, flash it and then i restored successfully
:victory:
now, to try a different rom i need to restore (maybe is safer)? can i copy the rom from recovery or fastboot?
what can it be wrong with my miui rom? could it be boot.img and rom file mismatch? can't find where to download both
al404 said:
i did my first mess but fortunally i could restore since i had copy the backup on my mac too
i don't know what went wrong but this is what happened:
- i did how was told before, but actually i download boot.img and rom from 2 different sites
- after reboot it didn't move from first screena waited for 15 minutes almost, so i did reboot in recovery tri to wipe but nothing happened
- so i decide to restore... but it did boot even if it was successful
- i thought that if i flashed the boot.img first time i may need to do it again, i found boot.emmc.win, rename it to boot.img, flash it and then i restored successfully
:victory:
now, to try a different rom i need to restore (maybe is safer)? can i copy the rom from recovery or fastboot?
what can it be wrong with my miui rom? could it be boot.img and rom file mismatch? can't find where to download both
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
extract the boot image from the rom you are going to use
ok, i tryed again but now it get stack on Mi black screen
i waited 8 minutes but nothing happens, i also tried to wipe cache and davik, nothing happens
at list i get to black Mi screen
do i need to delete the boot.img from ROM zip?
what could it be?
1st u didn't mention which phone u r using
2nd dn't get confuse while downloading rom n .img file
Type in google
(Ur phone model) android development xda
U'll find all the stuffs related to ur phone
So try this 1 n remember before updating or rooting or anythg related to ur which can mess ur phone or can brick ur phone
I suggest u read twice the thread n procedures n also check thrice the stuff which u gonna need to perform ur act.
Sent from my GT-N7100 using xda premium
al404 said:
ok, i tryed again but now it get stack on Mi black screen
i waited 8 minutes but nothing happens, i also tried to wipe cache and davik, nothing happens
at list i get to black Mi screen
do i need to delete the boot.img from ROM zip?
what could it be?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i would try a different rom for now, viperx perhaps. and the boot image is in the rom zip, extract the boot img from the rom and put it in your fastboot folder then copy the rom to your sdcard. once you have done that, fastboot erase cache, flash the boot image, fastboot erase cache again, then back into recovery, wipe cache and dalvik just to be sure then use recovery to flash the rom and hey presto. all of the above is assuming you have the one x international tegra 3
I have htc one x european terga 3, as far as I know mini is only for tegra 3
what you describe is exactly what I did:
- I leave the rom zip ad it is, I didn't remove boot.imf that I extract, correct?
- when I flash I hit hoot fastboot, connect USB and fastboot change in fastboot USB, to go back I select Hboot and and hit power, prom there recovery
- I did unlock bootloader but did not get rooted my phone, could it be that?
al404 said:
I have htc one x european terga 3, as far as I know mini is only for tegra 3
what you describe is exactly what I did:
- I leave the rom zip ad it is, I didn't remove boot.imf that I extract, correct?
- when I flash I hit hoot fastboot, connect USB and fastboot change in fastboot USB, to go back I select Hboot and and hit power, prom there recovery
- I did unlock bootloader but did not get rooted my phone, could it be that?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
read this post. at least twice!! http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2069904 do not do the "unlock bootloader" section as you already did that
@nogotaclue sorry i read so many, and some of them sayed that root was not necessary if you flash a new rom, other sayed it could still be necessary... now i rooted with the app and did a new backup that i'm coping on PC
reading further it says: to wipe, install rom, and flash boot.img after
"Now go back and press install. Go to the folder where the ROM you downloaded, is located in. Select the ROM and slide the screen to flash it. After it flashes, press the back button. Press Reboot and Reboot into bootloader. Open the ROM you downloaded from your computer. You should see boot.img. Extract it to your computer. Open my toolkit and press Flash a Kernel. Locate the boot.img and it will flash it."
al404 said:
@nogotaclue sorry i read so many, and some of them sayed that root was not necessary if you flash a new rom, other sayed it could still be necessary... now i rooted with the app and did a new backup that i'm coping on PC
reading further it says: to wipe, install rom, and flash boot.img after
"Now go back and press install. Go to the folder where the ROM you downloaded, is located in. Select the ROM and slide the screen to flash it. After it flashes, press the back button. Press Reboot and Reboot into bootloader. Open the ROM you downloaded from your computer. You should see boot.img. Extract it to your computer. Open my toolkit and press Flash a Kernel. Locate the boot.img and it will flash it."
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yes you can do it that way, i usually flash first but sometimes it does not work, so just flash it last as it says in the tutorial
after root, with the same steps, the ROM starts... but
touch screen is not working :crying:
now i'm gonna look arond to see if i found some post about that
this (kernel patch) solved my last issue
http://miuiandroid.com/community/threads/hox-miui-v5-official-release.20215/page-2
al404 said:
this (kernel patch) solved my last issue
http://miuiandroid.com/community/threads/hox-miui-v5-official-release.20215/page-2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So everything working now ?
Sent from my underpants using Daz and Lenor summertime
YES :good: without that path touchscreen wasn't working :victory:
hope is not going to mess all up with first update

Device bricked? No adb-access

Hello!
My Oppo Find 7 (international) seems to be bricked.
I'm on stock ROM COS 1.2.5 with stock recovery 1.0
After booting it stuck in the Setup-Wizzard with "settings has stopped"-Loop.
Unfortunately in stock-ROMs the USB-debugging is disabled, so i can't acces via adb fastboot to flash other recoverys.
And cause of the loop i can not enable USB-debugging...
The recovery (stock 1.0) let me only flash 1.2.5, no other ROMs work.
Things that work:
- entering fastboot (but no access via adb as i wrote)
- entering recovery and execute "zip from sd" (while sd means only internal sd here)
- normal boot to the f****** Setup-Assistant, enter PIN. At slect Language the "setting has stopped"-loop starts
- while the device is in loop, i can access the internal and external SD-card via PC, copy and delete files works
Please, has anybody an idea what to do ?
Thanks to all
Marco
Since you can get into fastboot, download a custom recovery, go to fastboot, type
fastboot flash recovery x
Replacing x with the full name and extension of the file, and install a ROM. Alternatively, if you want ColorOS, try downloading 1.2.4i, and installing it through the stock recovery. Then you can update from there
Hmmmm....
Positive! At this moment i learned that USB-debugging is needed for adb-access on a booted device, not for fastboot-access
Yes, i could flash TWRP via fastboot (puuhh, not bricked)
THANKS !!
Now i can mess around the "settings has closed"-Loop, wich is still in place.
(No wiping fixes the problem, even 1.2.1 nor 1.2.3 or whatever)
But i'm on the road again and can check out fixes.
Thanks again!!
That's weird. Did you ever install custom ROMs before having this issue?
Did you try formatting System in TWRP? But be careful, when you format System you have to install stock Color OS BEFORE rebooting your device. That means stay in TWRP after you format and install the ROM, then reboot.

root problem after update to beta 19

hi,
my oneplus 3 has been rote since i got it (i bought it on launch day) but since i updated it to the beta 19, my phone is no longer rooted : when i put the phone in fastboot it says that my bootloader it unlocked but all the apps who requier root are saying that the phne is not rooted and i cant get twrp to work. i tryied with the official app on my phone and with a program called "tool all in one" (https://forum.xda-developers.com/on...ol-tool-one-driversunlocktwrpfactory-t3398993) and when i flash twrp from the program, i can boot into twrp but then i can't access my files and after i boot the phone, i can no longer boot to twrp
does anyone have a solution that doesn't involve me wiping the phone?
You loose root after updating. Try installing twrp again and then rooting it. Use the toolkit for oneplus 3. Simplifies the process
what do you mean by "then rooting it" ?
the program i use does the same thing as the toolkit and when i install twrp, as i said, it can boot on twrp one time and in twrp i can't access my files and after i boot the phone i can't get back to twrp ,i get the stock recovery
Unless your ROM has built-in root, after flashing TWRP, you have to flash SuperSU or Magisk to obtain root. Mere flashing of TWRP will not give you root.
I know but i can't get to the folder when the magisk file is : when in boot into twrp i cant see my files
Few details... it's quite difficult to help you.
What's the root method? Magisk, SuperSU or Kingroot? Which version?
Ps TWRP recovery is not depending by root, you just need to unlock bootloader (surely it's already unlocked) and flash the same recovery, from PC, via the command "fastboot flash recovery filename.img".
Now enter in TWRP:
1) Wipe /system and /cache;
2) Flash another time Open Beta 19;
3) Flash Magisk or SuperSU (be sure to have latest release);
4) Move TWRP img file from computer to device, then flash it another time (because firmware provides the OOS stock recovery);
5) Reboot and wait 5-10 minutes, because of cache rebuilding.
Tell me if you solve
I am using magisk
Yes my bootloader is unlocked
My problem is that when i flash twrp i cant access my files so i don't want to wipe system if i cant reflash something after
I think that I'll wait for the next update, maybe then it will work
But thank you for your help
Which version of TWRP do you have? Try eng.stk's latest version.
I tryied 3.1.1-2
The eng.stk is not available anymore
Your phone is encrypted, so you have to format data ( but your internal storage wiped by formating data, so back it up ,then only twrp read files in your storage)and flash custom kernel then boot restore backup .
how do you know that my phone is encrypted? i never encrypted it
i use titanium backup so i can't back my phone up until i get rot back
Whenever you flash stock ROM it encrypt if you boot into system directly . So twrp could not read internal storage. Whenever you flash stock ROM you must flash custom kernel or any other method to avoid encryption. This is happened to me and what I'd done is flash custom kernel before boot into rom
To save your data try this
https://forum.xda-developers.com/oneplus-3/how-to/unencrypt-oxygenos-loosing-data-t3412228
Who said that? Check this: https://forum.xda-developers.com/devdb/project/?id=15934#downloads
Edit: If you want to save items in internal storage, you can use ADB commands instead of TWRP. You can also simply copy and paste if your PC recognises the internal storage of your phone.
I succeeded but i had to clean everything and use the last backup i made a week ago
Thank you all for your help

Android 8 update with FlashFire breaks TWRP or TWRP boot-loop

Hi everyone,
I tried to update my rooted Pixel C with Android 8 and TWRP 3.1.0.0 from August build to September build with FlashFire.
All of the following have I done on my Nexus 5x as well and it worked as a charm there.
Therefore i dl'd the corresponding zip-file from google dev page and started the update with FF. It said to me it can update the boot, system, recovery and vendor partition so I unchecked the recovery partition only to keep TWRP. I also told FF it should include SuperSU again to root the new Android.
After the update the device was unrooted, so i tried to start into recovery to install superSU manually. But TWRP was gone and i get everytime the android on the back with the text "no command".
Therefore I tried to flash TWRP with NRT again. But after the flash the device always starts into TWRP and Android isn't starting anymore.
I can use NRT again to flash Android without loosing my data but than TWRP is gone again.
So either the device always starts into TWRP or I have no recovery installed.
Anyone an idea what i can do to flash TWRP again and to fix the boot order or whats broken than?
Regards,
flattervieh
I don't have the C but here's what I would try. First, have your device booting normally with the stock recovery. Then use fastboot to boot into TWRP, not flash it. When it boots into TWRP then flash supersu. From TWRP then boot back into the bootloader and then flash TWRP with fastboot.
Flash the latest (beta?) TWRP. It allows reading the encrypted data folder.
Short notice, i'm still struggling with the problem.
In the meantime I tried the following:
1. I temporarely booted TWRP 3.1.0.0, with this version I was not able to encrypt the data partion (always invalid key) but I was able to see the system partition and I installed SuperSU. After that i restarted into the bootloader and flashed TWRP 3.1.0.0.
This led to the same phenomenon, that my pixel always boots into TWRP and not into Android itself.
2. Same thing as before but with TWRP 3.1.1.1.
With this version I was able to see the size of the data partition, but I was also not able to read or write onto it. (Again invalid code) I installed SuperSU and made a device restart without flashing TWRP 3.1.1.1.
This led to a totally softbricked device with a boot into "no command" screen.
After flashing Android again via fastboot Android starts correctly and I can use the device but root is still not working.
Regards
I'm not sure why twrp isn't sticking. But the android on its back with "no command"is the stock recovery. To get into it simultaneously press and release the power and vol up keys. You might have to try it a few times as the timing can be very finicky. From there you can boot into the system, you don't need to flash the factory image and start all over.

Pixel Experience boot loop + string of stupid decisions: is there any way out?

Hi there,
I think I (soft? hard?) bricked my whyred today after trying to install Pixel Experience (Android 10). At this time, I'm left with a flashed PE Plus that is stuck at the Google logo animation (e.g. unable to access USB debug settings); stock MIUI recovery; and fastboot, which is not recognized by ADB as I haven't had a successful boot since I flashed PE, so I can't turn USB debug on. I think I've exhausted my options, but maybe someone has a smart solution.
For those who think they can help, let me describe in detail what I did:
0) I became a dev, turned USB debug on, installed Minimal ADB and Fastboot, latest Xiaomi drivers, moved flashable zips into internal storage etc.
1) I unlocked my bootloader through Mi Unlock.
2) I successfully flashed TWRP-3.3.1.0-whyred via ADB/Fastboot and rebooted. After getting back into MIUI, I booted into recovery, which was back to stock (MIUI seems to have overwritten my recovery). At that point (probably a big mistake) I gave up on flashing TWRP and went ahead to boot right into it via ADB instead, without flashing.
3) After a successful boot into TWRP 3.3.1.0, it asked me for a decryption password. Nothing worked, so I kept googling and found out that my version of android needs TWRP 3.3.1.1, which was not on the official TWRP website yet, to decrypt automatically. I booted into TWRP 3.3.1.1 via ADB (but didn't flash), made a backup of my stock ROM, did a wipe (art/dalvik cache, cache, data, system, vendor), flashed Pixel Experience and rebooted.
4) Bootloop, I was stuck on the Google loading animation for over 20 minutes, nothing happened.
5) I panicked.
6) I tried to flash TWRP 3.3.1.1 via ABD but my PC didn't recognize my phone - probably because, for lack of successful boots, I have not managed to turn on USB debug.
7) I tried to connect to Mi Assistant through stock recovery. It didn't recognize my phone, probably for the above reason.
8) I did a data wipe through stock recovery and rebooted, hoping for whatever issue kept PE from booting normally to get resolved.
9) I'm stuck on the same Google loading animation for over 40 minutes now, no progress.
Does any of you guys see a way out, or is this story over? To recap, I have: 1) PE Plus in bootloop, no access to dev settings, 2) stock MIUI recovery with options to reboot, wipe data or connect to Mi Assistant, 3) stock fastboot, 4) a backup of my previous system on internal storage, 5) ADB on my computer that doesn't recognize my phone - no USB debugging. I don't know where to turn. I don't care much about data, I have everything in the cloud, but I'd like to save the phone if possible.
Thanks a lot.
Edit: Problem resolved - even though the connected device didn't show up in ADB on PC (adb devices came back empty), the phone was still responsive to fastboot reboot and fastboot flash recovery via PC, so I could flash TWRP 3.3.1.1 & clean flash PE. For anyone struggling with PE bootloops: make sure to 1) use TWRP 3.3.1.1 to flash, 2) do a dalvik/cache wipe after flashing the ROM and 3) not to install the TWRP app before the first successful boot - it was neglecting either 2) or 3) that caused my bootloop. The ROM itself is amazing!
mkohan said:
Hi there,
I think I (soft? hard?) bricked my whyred today after trying to install Pixel Experience (Android 10). At this time, I'm left with a flashed PE Plus that is stuck at the Google logo animation (e.g. unable to access USB debug settings); stock MIUI recovery; and fastboot, which is not recognized by ADB as I haven't had a successful boot since I flashed PE, so I can't turn USB debug on. I think I've exhausted my options, but maybe someone has a smart solution.
For those who think they can help, let me describe in detail what I did:
0) I became a dev, turned USB debug on, installed Minimal ADB and Fastboot, latest Xiaomi drivers, moved flashable zips into internal storage etc.
1) I unlocked my bootloader through Mi Unlock.
2) I successfully flashed TWRP-3.3.1.0-whyred via ADB/Fastboot and rebooted. After getting back into MIUI, I booted into recovery, which was back to stock (MIUI seems to have overwritten my recovery). At that point (probably a big mistake) I gave up on flashing TWRP and went ahead to boot right into it via ADB instead, without flashing.
3) After a successful boot into TWRP 3.3.1.0, it asked me for a decryption password. Nothing worked, so I kept googling and found out that my version of android needs TWRP 3.3.1.1, which was not on the official TWRP website yet, to decrypt automatically. I booted into TWRP 3.3.1.1 via ADB (but didn't flash), made a backup of my stock ROM, did a wipe (art/dalvik cache, cache, data, system, vendor), flashed Pixel Experience and rebooted.
4) Bootloop, I was stuck on the Google loading animation for over 20 minutes, nothing happened.
5) I panicked.
6) I tried to flash TWRP 3.3.1.1 via ABD but my PC didn't recognize my phone - probably because, for lack of successful boots, I have not managed to turn on USB debug.
7) I tried to connect to Mi Assistant through stock recovery. It didn't recognize my phone, probably for the above reason.
8) I did a data wipe through stock recovery and rebooted, hoping for whatever issue kept PE from booting normally to get resolved.
9) I'm stuck on the same Google loading animation for over 40 minutes now, no progress.
Does any of you guys see a way out, or is this story over? To recap, I have: 1) PE Plus in bootloop, no access to dev settings, 2) stock MIUI recovery with options to reboot, wipe data or connect to Mi Assistant, 3) stock fastboot, 4) a backup of my previous system on internal storage, 5) ADB on my computer that doesn't recognize my phone - no USB debugging. I don't know where to turn. I don't care much about data, I have everything in the cloud, but I'd like to save the phone if possible.
Thanks a lot.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm new to this phone as well (but not to Android). Try the following:
Download TWRP from here -> https://androidfilehost.com/?fid=6006931924117884758
Download Disable_Dm-Verity_ForceEncrypt_03.04.2020.zip from here -> https://zackptg5.com/downloads/Disable_Dm-Verity_ForceEncrypt_03.04.2020.zip
Power off phone. Hold down volume down and power button to boot into fastboot
Give the command fastboot flash recovery twrp-3.3.1-1-whyred.img to flash the recovery you downloaded earlier.
Boot into recovery
Flash Disable_Dm-Verity_ForceEncrypt_03.04.2020.zip that you downloaded earlier
The above steps will at least ensure that you retain TWRP and it doesn't get overwritten by stock MIUI recovery
After that, check whether or not your phone/ROM has anti-rollback enabled and take appropriate steps accordingly.
Ok so i flashed PE 10 plus today and was met with the same problem.
Heres how i solved it
Goto fastboot option by pressing volume down and power button
Connect to pc (If it doesnt recognize, reinstall Adb drivers and phone drivers)
If it asks for decryption password just press cancel
Wipe data/internal/vendor (wont be able to wipe dalvik as it wont mount)
Flash PE 10 Plus and nothing else.
It should boot just fine.
However i run into bootloop if i flash latest magisk so i cant root my phone :/
Hope this helps
mkohan said:
Edit: Problem resolved - even though the connected device didn't show up in ADB on PC (adb devices came back empty), the phone was still responsive to fastboot reboot and fastboot flash recovery via PC, so I could flash TWRP 3.3.1.1 & clean flash PE. For anyone struggling with PE bootloops: make sure to 1) use TWRP 3.3.1.1 to flash, 2) do a dalvik/cache wipe after flashing the ROM and 3) not to install the TWRP app before the first successful boot - it was neglecting either 2) or 3) that caused my bootloop. The ROM itself is amazing!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
hey read your post
actually adb and fastboot are two different things.
and recovery is flashed using fastboot commands not adb.
sometimes if a rom is not booting it may have issues with encryption.

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