Questions about LG G4 (Bootloop and battery) - G4 Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

Hy,i want to buy an LG G4 (Single sim,h815) and i want to ask two big questions.
1. I read something about the big bootloop problem, so, the phones that are now on market,they still got that hardware problem that cause the bootloop ?
2. How about the battery ? I read that the battery wasn't so good on lolipop, how it is now on the marshmallow ?
Thanks for answer :good:

Botloop is still a problem no matter when the phone was released - pure lottery. I have had mine since 8 months with no issue but there are bad examples as well.
Related battery, I would say it is below average. I get 48hrs standby with 2.5 SOT with 50% wifi and 50% data. Just web browsing.

Related

[Q] Some General G3 Questions

Hey guys ! Today I traded my S5 for a G3 and I have some questions :
1. Which is the latest and which is the best firmware ? I am currently on V10H. I see that there are V10i and V10j firmwares, but I don't get a OTA. Should I manually flash them and are they newer and better ?
2.Is it normal for the phone to heat up so much. My G3 heats up just from listening to music and using facebook messenger on 3G. The first boot after updateing my phone it was hot like an oven. Barely touchable on the top side of the screen. (also the brightness could't go beyond 90%)
3. If I root my G3, do I loose my warranty ?
4. Can I do something after rooting to improve the battery life and lower down the heat ?
5. My G3 uses around 10-12% overnight (6-7 hours) Isn't that too much ? My S5 used around 2-3% overnight...
6. Also on Antutu v5 at exactly 27% I get High temperature warning and my phone reboots. Anyone else having this problem ?
Please guys !
niksssss said:
Hey guys ! Today I traded my S5 for a G3 and I have some questions :
1. Which is the latest and which is the best firmware ? I am currently on V10H. I see that there are V10i and V10j firmwares, but I don't get a OTA. Should I manually flash them and are they newer and better ?
2.Is it normal for the phone to heat up so much. My G3 heats up just from listening to music and using facebook messenger on 3G. The first boot after updateing my phone it was hot like an oven. Barely touchable on the top side of the screen. (also the brightness could't go beyond 90%)
3. If I root my G3, do I loose my warranty ?
4. Can I do something after rooting to improve the battery life and lower down the heat ?
5. My G3 uses around 10-12% overnight (6-7 hours) Isn't that too much ? My S5 used around 2-3% overnight...
6. Also on Antutu v5 at exactly 27% I get High temperature warning and my phone reboots. Anyone else having this problem ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1) I think I and J are kind of the same but others will know better, they are the latest firmware.
2) No but what you call heat and what others call heat might be different but it shouldn't get anything more than warm at most.
3) Yes but you can revert back easily to keep warranty. I used Stump Root.
4) Yes lots of things but I haven't tried any as I have very good battery. There are things you can do without rooting as well.
5) Yes that is way too much. Mine uses no more than 2% over 8 hours but I have a few of the Google things turned off.
6) Never done it but from what I've read others have had the same problem.
If you have an SD card in the phone remove it and see if the heat will stop.
It is a Saturday so give it some time for others to answer.
niksssss said:
Hey guys ! Today I traded my S5 for a G3 and I have some questions :
1. Which is the latest and which is the best firmware ? I am currently on V10H. I see that there are V10i and V10j firmwares, but I don't get a OTA. Should I manually flash them and are they newer and better ?
2.Is it normal for the phone to heat up so much. My G3 heats up just from listening to music and using facebook messenger on 3G. The first boot after updateing my phone it was hot like an oven. Barely touchable on the top side of the screen. (also the brightness could't go beyond 90%)
3. If I root my G3, do I loose my warranty ?
4. Can I do something after rooting to improve the battery life and lower down the heat ?
5. My G3 uses around 10-12% overnight (6-7 hours) Isn't that too much ? My S5 used around 2-3% overnight...
6. Also on Antutu v5 at exactly 27% I get High temperature warning and my phone reboots. Anyone else having this problem ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1) My D855 is on 10H at the moment with no OTAs available at the moment. Most of the OTAs so far have just been small bug fixes and such (the change log for J is exactly the same as H). Its not worth trying to manually flash them yourself. Sometimes the update is available by the LG PC Suite before the OTA, so maybe give that a go.
2) The G3 warming up isnt uncommon. I can usually feel mine warming up around the power button in usage similar to yours. I wouldn't worry too much about the phone being hot after just booting from an update, the phone has probably been running the CPU flat out during the update and boot process to finish everything. The limited brightness is an automatic thing put in place by LG to prevent overheating. (If it was limited to 90%, then I would have thought it is not getting that hot otherwise the brightness would be limited even more)
3) Probably. I haven't rooted mine, but I believe there is a root counter/status thing in the hidden service menu that LG may look if ever your phone is sent back by which they may deny repairs or charge you for them out of warranty. (But if it is a genuine hardware defect, they may be lenient. I sent my HTC One back for repairs for the purple tint issue on the camera with the bootloader still unlocked, but they didn't say anything)
4) Not sure about that (as I haven't rooted).
5) That usage seems about the same drain I have when leaving the phone while it is on cellular data. My G3 has superb standby battery life while it is on WiFi.
6) I think that is a common occurrence with the G3, the phone is rebooting as the phone is getting too hot.
niksssss said:
Hey guys ! Today I traded my S5 for a G3 and I have some questions :
1. Which is the latest and which is the best firmware ? I am currently on V10H. I see that there are V10i and V10j firmwares, but I don't get a OTA. Should I manually flash them and are they newer and better ?
2.Is it normal for the phone to heat up so much. My G3 heats up just from listening to music and using facebook messenger on 3G. The first boot after updateing my phone it was hot like an oven. Barely touchable on the top side of the screen. (also the brightness could't go beyond 90%)
3. If I root my G3, do I loose my warranty ?
4. Can I do something after rooting to improve the battery life and lower down the heat ?
5. My G3 uses around 10-12% overnight (6-7 hours) Isn't that too much ? My S5 used around 2-3% overnight...
6. Also on Antutu v5 at exactly 27% I get High temperature warning and my phone reboots. Anyone else having this problem ?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's really strange...
6) my phone barely heats up... And pass test without any problem...
Sent from from my LG-D855
Thanks a lot for the info guys !
When my phone reboots during antutu it is not even warm. I even tried doing the benchmark in the fridge and same thing happened. It just makes no sense.
Also 1 more question - Is there some kind of a list of apps that are safe to remove/dissable ?

[Q] G3 still worth it with overheating and other bugs?

Hello guys,
I'm thinking of buying the LG g3 which for me is the best phone right now. However, I have seen it has some bugs regarding overheating, WiFi drop, bad battery life etc.. Do you think it is still worth it or should I go for a Z2 which has the same price in my country (Spain). Regarding the overheating issue, a lot of people say they have it and a lot of people say they don't... Is This just chance or is it linked to a specific model and version?
Thanks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1aqQQwFEgQ&list=UUO_vmeInQm5Z6dEZ6R5Kk0A
Watch that and make your own mind up - this is the opinion of Pocketnow - 3 months after launch.
nad4321 said:
Hello guys,
I'm thinking of buying the LG g3 which for me is the best phone right now. However, I have seen it has some bugs regarding overheating, WiFi drop, bad battery life etc.. Do you think it is still worth it or should I go for a Z2 which has the same price in my country (Spain). Regarding the overheating issue, a lot of people say they have it and a lot of people say they don't... Is This just chance or is it linked to a specific model and version?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As the overheating, since I upgraded to v10L firmware, overheating issues it completely gone for me, even after 40 minutes of playing Real Racing 3 on max detail mod or Dead Trigger 2 for about half an hour. It still heats just like every other device ( HTC, Samsung or Sony) but it doesn't get to extreme temperatures which turn off your phone automatically. What are those other bugs you are refering to?
Lavoslav said:
As the overheating, since I upgraded to v10L firmware, overheating issues it completely gone for me, even after 40 minutes of playing Real Racing 3 on max detail mod or Dead Trigger 2 for about half an hour. It still heats just like every other device ( HTC, Samsung or Sony) but it doesn't get to extreme temperatures which turn off your phone automatically. What are those other bugs you are refering to?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I saw some people had problems with random rebooting of the phone
nad4321 said:
I saw some people had problems with random rebooting of the phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have my LG G3 for 2 months now and I never experienced any random reboot,except for 2 times when it said the reason was extreme temperature, but that got away after updating firmware and never happened again. But it was only when I had first firmware. I also use ART as runtime which is considered to be buggier and more "app crashy" than Dalvik, but I never got any crash or random reboot.. Usage of unoptimized apps can random reboot any phone. As for LG software, LG's apps and the most common and most widely used apps work perfectly without any hiccup. You should never experience any error, crash or random reboot. At least I didn't. Always try to use trusted and well optimized apps if you want the best experience. Also don't install any battery or RAM cleaning apps, that **** just slows down your phone and drain your battery rapidly. It depends on you if your phone will random reboot or not. It's not just LG thing, it also concerns HTC, Sony, Samsung or any other manufacturer. You can ask my sister, she installed few cleaners, RAM boosters, 1 optimizer and 2 battery boosters on new Nexus 7 which should be most stable Android experience, but her battery life got worse and she does often get random reboot. So treat your phone well and it won't random reboot anytime

What is the truth about the Android OS battery drain?

First, sorry for my bad English.
Everyone using ZF2 knows about what I'm talking about here: if you look at the battery graph in the settings, Android OS is probably responsible for most of the battery usage. :silly:
At first I was horrified about that, but then I realized something was off, something that I notice everyone is ignoring: Android OS drain is too high. I mean for me it's always 5 to 8 times higher than the second that is the Screen. The reality is that I can still have 4 to 4.30 hours of screen-on time, 3% drain for 7 hours of stand-by at night. So just think about it logically, what if we can make the Android OS work "normally", which is that Screen will be on top of the list and Android OS somewhere below, then how long my screen on time will be? You know what I mean? We are getting rid of a drain that is 5 times higher than Screen on the list! Does it mean our Screen on time will now be 20 hours???
So, I came to a conclusion that this issue may be in fact an error in the data. Maybe nothing was wrong but the Zenfone 2 team messed up the calculation for the battery usage and ended up showing a ridiculous result. what do you think about this?
3% overnight ? my phone get 1% ^^
srr my bad english
VinzNguyen said:
3% overnight ? my phone get 1% ^^
srr my bad english
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
wow that's crazy, how is that possible for you do you think? :angel:
I'm using stock, disable most of the bloatwares but I'm keeping all Asus important ones such as power saver (I always set it normal however), start manager (disable all except OTTs and sms ... you know why).
Does that mean I'm partly right? If Android OS truely eats up so much battery power, how can we achieve such low drain during stand-by time? It's not logical :silly:
dongnguyen2301 said:
wow that's crazy, how is that possible for you do you think? :angel:
I'm using stock, disable most of the bloatwares but I'm keeping all Asus important ones such as power saver (I always set it normal however), start manager (disable all except OTTs and sms ... you know why).
Does that mean I'm partly right? If Android OS truely eats up so much battery power, how can we achieve such low drain during stand-by time? It's not logical :silly:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://forum.xda-developers.com/zenfone2/development/script-zenui-debloater-v1-t3174541
i use Extreme v2 script.
i disable all app in auto-start manager
power-saver is normal mode.
i go to sleep 9pm ---> 6am. my phone just get 1% ^^
u can try this.
p/s: my phone ZE550ml. maybe your ZE551ml with 4GB ram , cpu 2.3GHz could eat battery life more than mine ^^
i really srr about my bad english
VinzNguyen said:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/zenfone2/development/script-zenui-debloater-v1-t3174541
i use Extreme v2 script.
i disable all app in auto-start manager
power-saver is normal mode.
i go to sleep 9pm ---> 6am. my phone just get 1% ^^
u can try this.
p/s: my phone ZE550ml. maybe your ZE551ml with 4GB ram , cpu 2.3GHz could eat battery life more than mine ^^
i really srr about my bad english
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
thanks for the link. However I don't want to root my phone, I just bought it a few weeks ago and I will keep it intact until I get Marshmallow, I used to be addicted to Rom Flashing and it nearly killed me haha. I can use the lists for reference, anyway.
Yes my phone is 551ML 4GB ram, probably that's why I have higher drain when stand-by. Because I have lots of experience with Rom modding I believe I'm not missing anything with my current settings.
Ps: your English is fine, don't worry :fingers-crossed: judging at your username I bet one penny that you're from the same country as me
how many times its been said..zenfone 2 stand by time is superb ...its when its use the drainage is fast..why fast because of incompatibility of zenfone 2 screen( cheap screen ?) and intels hardward... ...so no matter how you adjust it will never be a 2 days single charged phone. anyway ive had a nice experience with my zenfone 2 ..gave it to my brother and bought nexus 6...wanted to have 6 inch phone anyway....
dongnguyen2301 said:
thanks for the link. However I don't want to root my phone, I just bought it a few weeks ago and I will keep it intact until I get Marshmallow, I used to be addicted to Rom Flashing and it nearly killed me haha. I can use the lists for reference, anyway.
Yes my phone is 551ML 4GB ram, probably that's why I have higher drain when stand-by. Because I have lots of experience with Rom modding I believe I'm not missing anything with my current settings.
Ps: your English is fine, don't worry :fingers-crossed: judging at your username I bet one penny that you're from the same country as me
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
i think so. bạn ở đâu ?? mình hcm kakaka
The main responsable in battery drains is usually not Android OS, but Google Play Services that screws everything
This issue has already been discussed to death all over the place in different forums. There are many reasons why the battery life is not good on ZF2 some of which are what you pointed out. The main problem is with 5.0 itself, this was and is a known problem, no amount of "tweaking" is going to fix a problem with the OS itself. This is why many people wanted the 5.1 update to no avail from Asus. Did it fix all the problems? No, it did not but it did stop a lot of the battery drain.
VinzNguyen said:
i think so. bạn ở đâu ?? mình hcm kakaka
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
same here, HCM, haha we can have a cafe some day haha
floridaman said:
This issue has already been discussed to death all over the place in different forums. There are many reasons why the battery life is not good on ZF2 some of which are what you pointed out. The main problem is with 5.0 itself, this was and is a known problem, no amount of "tweaking" is going to fix a problem with the OS itself. This is why many people wanted the 5.1 update to no avail from Asus. Did it fix all the problems? No, it did not but it did stop a lot of the battery drain.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I agree that 5.0 is not optimized and it's not the best, but people are talking like Android OS is a crimminal, I think that Android OS is just taking a bit of battery, but definitely not 5 times higer than the screen as explained above like instead of 5% of battery it is consuming 10%, it's not good, but not a disaster either :silly:
gipikay said:
The main responsable in battery drains is usually not Android OS, but Google Play Services that screws everything
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it might be, I used to greenify Google Play Services, but on some phone it will lead to a lot of force closes. Supposed it's the cause, it also can't be 5 times higher then the screen, or else our phone won't be able to maintain >4 hours of SOT, isn't it? :silly:
No, 5.0 is and was a disaster. It had so many bugs it should have never been released
That is for sure...

G4 terrible battery life

Hey guys,
so i have noticed, that my battery life seems not to be the best one.. i wanted to know if maybe some of you experience the same drain or know how to improve the battery life. I'm on the latest LG Rom (TIM italia).
It is possible that your battery is worned out. I received a new G4 when it bootlooped, including a new battery, and the difference was visible from how long the first one lasted. The phone was 11 months old, so maybe that is your problem.
ObiDanKenobi said:
It is possible that your battery is worned out. I received a new G4 when it bootlooped, including a new battery, and the difference was visible from how long the first one lasted. The phone was 11 months old, so maybe that is your problem.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have three different batterys, but each one has this bad battery life.. also got a new G4 because of bootloop
Install gsam it will break down usage chances are you have system/logs battery drain
Try charging your phone with an old 500ma charger couple of times, worked for me
Sent from my LG-H818 using Tapatalk
Problem for me was Google services. Killed battery life. Factory reset fixed it.
common 818 problem, not fixed and probably never will be fixed as lg has abandoned this great device
kot-mokot said:
common 818 problem, not fixed and probably never will be fixed as lg has abandoned this great device
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
this device is one of my few life purchases regrets, i paid too much and got too little, i'm using three batteries and still not enough to get through the day with two sim cards active and data on and listening to podcasts for about 3.5 hours a day.
for me, I'm never getting an LG device again.. too bad they are the last removable battery device manufacturer.
LG partner in the country i live in refused to change the phone and only replaced the motherboard when the freaking thing boot-looped on it's on.
solomhamada said:
for me, I'm never getting an LG device again..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
yep, about 3 hours of "screen on" time. i am not buing lg again too.

Going from Oreo to Marshmallow & Battery??????

hello there, been following this forum for ages, and a owner of a htc 10 for two weeks....
But I have a big problem....... the battery.....It really is abysmal......
I am currently on LeeDroid oreo, but have tried other roms, and come to the conclusion, the battery sucks!
I know there are kernal tweaks, but with this phone, i just like running the basic custom rom, no bells and whistles......
i am s-off and know how to downgrade/sort signal out/CID/ADB and everything, but I am reluctant to go too far back (Although I do like marshmallow)
I know on other phones, that going back to a previous firmware...sometimes improves the battery
but will it improve my battery????????
I went from Oreo to Nougat. Battery much improved. I was running pure stock rooted. No other mods on Nougat. Took a day to settle, but I could finally leave the house not worrying if I needed to carry a USB cable with me for a charge.
Sent from my LG-H918 using Tapatalk
gustav30 said:
I went from Oreo to Nougat. Battery much improved. I was running pure stock rooted. No other mods on Nougat. Took a day to settle, but I could finally leave the house not worrying if I needed to carry a USB cable with me for a charge.
Sent from my LG-H918 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
And overnight, do you notice any abnormal discharge? As much as 25/30%? or less?
I have this much of a discharge on nougat and on oreo... Did not noticed much of a difference on both FW tbh... As i bought this phone 2nd hand about a month ago, it was already on N and never tested it on MM to tell if there is any difference.
Our luck is the fast charge capability this phone has...
яι¢αя∂σ said:
And overnight, do you notice any abnormal discharge? As much as 25/30%? or less?
I have this much of a discharge on nougat and on oreo... Did not noticed much of a difference on both FW tbh... As i bought this phone 2nd hand about a month ago, it was already on N and never tested it on MM to tell if there is any difference.
Our luck is the fast charge capability this phone has...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No, maybe like 2 - 3% at most overnight.
gustav30 said:
No, maybe like 2 - 3% at most overnight.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
And you had battery problems before the downgrade?
яι¢αя∂σ said:
And you had battery problems before the downgrade?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I would say so, yes I had problems. I bought this phone 2nd hand as well. A mint Red one. Pristine condition - at least in appearance. I also have/coming from a daily driver LG V20. Which also uses same 820 chipset. So I had some kind of expectation as to what battery life around. I was kind of shocked how bad the battery was on the 10. Phone was dropping like maybe 20% overnight. In the daytime on stock before I rooted I was getting maybe 1.5 - 2 SOT hours depending on use(i'm not a heavy gamer). I had never experienced such bad battery life before on an HTC phone. I unlocked it/rooted it and started playing with mods. The most success I had was with the Helix engine. I also had some Magisk modules installed to help deep sleep. Probably improved to getting 3 - 3.5 hours SOT. There is a thread dedicated to getting better battery life on Oreo in the guides section and I'd follow that thread and try various things. Also I had done the HTC calibration a few times, and the HTC battery test just to get a sense of the battery's health. In their test, I scored an 85, so I'd say the battery was OK. Not in the area of being a replacement.
But in the end, I was curious to go back to Nougat and then maybe on to Marshmallow to see how battery life would be. Simply going down to Nougat, I was satisfied. Not quite as good as my LG V20, but close enough. Don't feel the need to go down to marshmallow for it.
Maybe in the future I'll go back to Oreo on the 10, but for the most part, Nougat is fine.
From what I've read as well, HTC sort of 'unleashed' the power of the 820 chipset in Nougat, therefore when people went from Marshmallow to Nougat they reported worst battery life but improved performance especially in gaming.
gustav30 said:
I would say so, yes I had problems. I bought this phone 2nd hand as well. A mint Red one. Pristine condition - at least in appearance. I also have/coming from a daily driver LG V20. Which also uses same 820 chipset. So I had some kind of expectation as to what battery life around. I was kind of shocked how bad the battery was on the 10. Phone was dropping like maybe 20% overnight. In the daytime on stock before I rooted I was getting maybe 1.5 - 2 SOT hours depending on use(i'm not a heavy gamer). I had never experienced such bad battery life before on an HTC phone. I unlocked it/rooted it and started playing with mods. The most success I had was with the Helix engine. I also had some Magisk modules installed to help deep sleep. Probably improved to getting 3 - 3.5 hours SOT. There is a thread dedicated to getting better battery life on Oreo in the guides section and I'd follow that thread and try various things. Also I had done the HTC calibration a few times, and the HTC battery test just to get a sense of the battery's health. In their test, I scored an 85, so I'd say the battery was OK. Not in the area of being a replacement.
But in the end, I was curious to go back to Nougat and then maybe on to Marshmallow to see how battery life would be. Simply going down to Nougat, I was satisfied. Not quite as good as my LG V20, but close enough. Don't feel the need to go down to marshmallow for it.
Maybe in the future I'll go back to Oreo on the 10, but for the most part, Nougat is fine.
From what I've read as well, HTC sort of 'unleashed' the power of the 820 chipset in Nougat, therefore when people went from Marshmallow to Nougat they reported worst battery life but improved performance especially in gaming.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Im aware on the unleashed power htc did on N, but it just don't justify the amount of energy drained. It does not make sense to remove social or other apps from background just because you need to retain battery. Still have a one M7 and the battery still is way better than this htc, with all the apps and settings i need on both, almost a clone of my m7. Im no gamer at all, and don't use whatsup, viber, FB, g+ etc.
You are saying that just by returning from Oero to Nougat, your htc 10 battery got less discharge, like it got fixed? without any mod's?
Thanks for your time to answer me!
Yeah, for me moving back to Nougat fixed my drain problems. Keep in mind, I didn't own the phone before Oreo, so I can't say what it was like pre oreo. But I finally felt comfortable with the performance/battery life I was getting on Nougat. I can't say this will work for you, but others have reported the same. Moving back to Nougat improved battery life.
Before you do it, I'd advise to rule out a hardware problem though to save the aggrivation of downgrading. Do the HTC battery test. If you fall below 70% in the test after an hour, I'd say it might be more hardware related than software.
Sent from my LG-H918 using Tapatalk
gustav30 said:
Yeah, for me moving back to Nougat fixed my drain problems. Keep in mind, I didn't own the phone before Oreo, so I can't say what it was like pre oreo. But I finally felt comfortable with the performance/battery life I was getting on Nougat. I can't say this will work for you, but others have reported the same. Moving back to Nougat improved battery life.
Before you do it, I'd advise to rule out a hardware problem though to save the aggrivation of downgrading. Do the HTC battery test. If you fall below 70% in the test after an hour, I'd say it might be more hardware related than software.
Sent from my LG-H918 using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good morning.
Wile i was chating with you (yesterday), finally used the htc battery test and to my surprise it went from 99% to 88% in that hour test (99 because it was off and spent that ~1% booting). So, hopefully, will experience the same as the most of you who made the downgrade.
Perhaps its some part on the process of downgrading that fixes something, maybe the format of the [persist] partition one have to wipe to recover access to the baseband (thus the imei) repairs something, a kind of file system error that makes the android system use a lot of power(?).
As i told before, if do mobile repair and to this day, after several hundred of phone fix (hard and software, various brands as lg, samsung, htc,, iDeveices and china phones, never seen this type of problem unless it was hardware problems like pmic (power management IC) due to use of bad chargers / bad cables, water damage, drop damage, etc. Got this 10 and as soon i got here (xda) immediately noticed the amount of people that had the very same problem. And we are (here on xda) just a few to the many thousands of 10 owners around the globe that don't use xda or any other forums to talk about this problem.
Going to do this downgrade today. Im eager to see the result and use my 10 finally (another agnostic hope :angel!!
Thanks!

Categories

Resources