Develop Bugs

[HOW-TO] Root your Evo and apply zip files with style

Being that XDA has great info but 5x the garbage, here is some knowledge if you are interested in having root access on your HTC Evo 4G. This may change in the future.
Brought to us by Toastcfh, so this has been known as the "Toast" method of root and is quickly becoming the only way to go if you want root access. So thanks to him and anyone who has helped in the process.
Note: This process will wipe all data from the phone, so you will HAVE to start from stock.
Steps to have root:
Step .1
No matter what version of stock you are on, download this file: PC36IMG.zip
This file can be found directly here: http://link.geekfor.me/rootedromzip
Original site and info here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=690762
Now that you have this file, place it on the root of your sdcard. That means in your sdcard, and in no other folder. DO NOT rename this file. This will take care of acquiring root. But we are just getting started, so on to the next step.
Step .2
This next part will cover getting ready to use a custom recovery. This has be given to us by Koush and is known as ClockWorkMod Recovery. Major thanks to him and the devs behind ROM Manager for making this so simple/PC less.
Download this file: recovery-clockwork-1.8.1.7-supersonic.zip (file version may very)
The file can be found here: http://www.droidaftermarket.com/koush/recoveries/recovery-clockwork-1.8.1.7-supersonic.zip
Again, original site and info can be found here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=699043
Now, with this file, you want to place this in the root of your sdcard as well. However, this must be renamed to 'update.zip.'
Note: This file must be named update.zip and remain in the root of sdcard to use regularly.
Step .3a
Here you will want to download whatever rom you want in zip format and stick it in the root of your sdcard as well. You will need this for later. Most roms now have the super user app so you will be good to run rooted apps.
Step .3b
There is a good possibility that whatever rom you just downloaded does not come with the newer radio for the phone. This is available in a zip as well. Again, put in the root of sdcard and save for later.
Download this file: evo.1.39.00.05.31.zip
Found here: http://link.geekfor.me/radio139000531
Info here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=696462
All files should be in the ROOT of your SDCARD. Meaning not in any folder.
Now that the files are ready, we can begin to attain root access.
Step .4
First you must reboot the phone into recovery mode. To do this you must turn your phone on holding the Volume Down button and the Power button until a white screen comes up.
When this screen pops up, the phone will go into recovery mode and works automatically. Give it some time (~60 seconds) and it will ask you if you want to install PC36IMG.zip.
Step .5
When the phone asks you if you want to update, click the Volume Up button to say YES.
Allow the phone to work. Takes a couple minutes so take a little breather.
Step .6
Once complete, the phone will ask if you want to reboot the phone. Again you click the Volume Up button and respond, YES.
Allow the phone to boot and install the stock rooted rom. Once the phone has booted, do not bother signing in and everything as you will be doing it again very soon. But congratzi, you have root access! But only from Recovery mode.
Step .7
Power down your phone. And then, turn the phone on by holding down Volume Down and Power.
Step .8
This will send you into the white screen that is searching for PC36IMG.zip. When it is done, this time decline the update by pressing Volume Down. Then it will ask you if you want to reboot. Press Volume Down again and say NO.
Step .9
This will send you into a menu that you can actually control. Use the Volume buttons to navigate up and down. Use the Power button to select. Scroll down to 'Recovery' and press Power. This will reboot the phone with a black screen and a red exclamation point icon.
Step .10
From this black screen, press Volume Up and Power. This will send you into the real recovery mode.
Step .11
Once here, again use the Volume buttons to navigate and Power to select. Navigate down to 'wipe data/factory reset' and select with Power. This will wipe the phone and get you ready for your first rom.
Step. 12
Once that is done, navigate to 'apply sdcard:update.zip' and press Power to select.
Congratulations, you are now in the custom recovery of ClockWorkMod.
Step .13 and beyond.
This menu is a fully capable recovery. Although it takes some time to get to, here is where you flash any zip you want. I recommend you start with the rom, then the radio. It doesn't matter really. And if the rom comes with the radio then it is redundant. But flash to your hearts content and enjoy your rooted Evo.
To flash zips, navigate to 'install zip from sdcard' then select whatever zip you want to apply. Refer to the roms instructions for any specifics.
Enjoy!
Note:
-Notice I didn't say "connect to computer?" This really can be aquired completely ota if necessary.
-Later on you might want to rename PC36IMG.zip and store it somewhere safe on the sdcard and home computer. Not that you will ever really need it, but if you want to go back to stock, this is a semi-automatic way to do so.

If there were a "thanks" button, I would have clicked it. Very nice of you to put all of this in one thread. Going to help a lot of people out.

Thanks. Finally a short & sweet guide.
Sent from my PC36100 using Tapatalk

hey thanks y'all. I wrote this because flashing seems kinda confusing to people and for those who have yet to take the leap gain more confidence. fear not the root process! find a rom you like, use this, and boom. eventually think this is how themes will work... im guessing there is always metamorph as well.

Yea, I came from the Droid and used the crap out of Rom Manager. That is one awesome app for testing and frequently changing roms.

I wrote a rooting guide and have pictures in it of the recovery process, feel free to use them in here http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=701152

Great job Burst! This does help out for newbies. This should be pinned in a newbie forum. They also need something like this in the event you need to push apps to your phone.
Example: if a newb installs a Flipz rom (.2), and he wants to keep fm radio feature on his phone it would be nice if some has a guide like this to help.
Anyways great job again.

this was awesome!
I did this all OTA just for fun and it worked great! And I agree that it already seems faster and more efficient! Nice job!

i'm not asking this because i think it was any fault of your tutorial, but because i'm guessing you'd know the answer: when first going into recovery and installing update from .zip, i'd had whatever rom removed all of sprint's bloatware, but in the format it came in after downloading. after selecting the update, it said no update had been found. i rebooted and renamed the file to update.zip, but after trying the aforementioned steps again, it said the file didn't meet the verification of something. this is starting to aggravate me; i've been trying for a while to load a custom rom.

turn said:
i'm not asking this because i think it was any fault of your tutorial, but because i'm guessing you'd know the answer: when first going into recovery and installing update from .zip, i'd had whatever rom removed all of sprint's bloatware, but in the format it came in after downloading. after selecting the update, it said no update had been found. i rebooted and renamed the file to update.zip, but after trying the aforementioned steps again, it said the file didn't meet the verification of something. this is starting to aggravate me; i've been trying for a while to load a custom rom.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
update.zip is the 1mb~ recovery zip, leave the rom named what it was.

If you just want to add zip files do you have to have full root? I currently am using unrevoked as I dont need full root, at least I dont think I will. LOL
For some reason this is still not adding my zip file. I have been though this process 3 times. Its really frustrating. All I want to do is add one zip file. Pulls out hair.

[Q] One Click Root file extraction gives V Warning

Noob rooter question: I was extracting the Oneclickroot file from Qbking and FSecure warned me about a virus (which it removed ) called "Exploit:Android/DroidRooter:B". I noticed then that the folder was missing this file: "rageagainstthecageare5.bin". I can turn off real time scanning and get that file to extract, but my question is, is this a valid file that is needed in OneclickRoot? Or is it really a virus?

rando991 said:
Noob rooter question: I was extracting the Oneclickroot file from Qbking and FSecure warned me about a virus (which it removed ) called "Exploit:Android/DroidRooter:B". I noticed then that the folder was missing this file: "rageagainstthecageare5.bin". I can turn off real time scanning and get that file to extract, but my question is, is this a valid file that is needed in OneclickRoot? Or is it really a virus?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
in OP of the one-click root thread where you downloaded it.
Rodderik said:
Notes:
1. Button mappings are slightly different from older versions of CWM. Volume buttons = Up and Down, Power or Camera = Enter, Capacitive Back = Back. Capacitive Home also works as enter but not correctly from the main menu so if you hit it and the screen disappears hit Capacitive Home again or Capacitive Back to bring it back.
NOTE: As of 3.1.0.1 the buttons have been sorted out.
2. KNOWN ISSUE: When invoked, reboot recovery requires a re-plug of the usb cable for adb to work again. Simply unplug the usb cable and plug it back in.
3. If the script does not reboot your phone at the end please run the script again. If it still doesn't work reboot the phone and run the script again.
4. USB Mass Storage can be mounted from inside of recovery. 'adb shell' into the phone and type 'mountums' MAKE SURE YOU SAFELY REMOVE/EJECT BEFORE RUNNING 'umountums' to safely unmount sdcard.
NOTE: As of 3.1.0.1 mounting from the menu works again!
5. There is a Go Back menu option but it must be enabled. See the post here.
6. VIRUS ALERT!!! rageagainstthecage may be detected by your antivirus program but it is NOT harmful to your computer. See this post for an explanation.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The video tutorials are just tools to assist you. That doesn't mean you should not do your research.

It is not a virus.
From the developer Rodderick
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showpost.php?p=13868587&postcount=36

Thanks to all, I had gone thru a lot of the links, getting the files, looking at the videos, and reading the instructions, as well as gathering data on how to restore in case something went wrong, but somehow missed that line about the false positive. I even searched the forum afterwards about virus issues and though I didn't see that info in the link where i got the file I felt that this was a safe file. I think I was in information overload...Just wanted to be sure. Thanks for the answers anyway.

[VZW/SPRINT/GSM][Guide] Ultimate Galaxy Nexus Guide (Unlock/Root/Flash Roms/FAQ)

Post One: Unlocking and Rooting
Post Two: Installing Roms / Kernels / Tweaks
Post Three: Panic Section / FAQ / Miscellaneous
Unlocking The Bootloader And Obtaining Root
*This part of the tutorial is geared towards Windows users. I have a windows machine and will post instructions only on methods I personally have tested. This guide will assist other users. Once we unlock and root your device: this guide will be relevant to everyone.*
Time required:
20-40 minutes.
Setting up ADB for our device:
Download the AndroidSDK onto your computer.
Note: Google changes their mind every other week as to if this will be distributed as a .zip or an .exe. If you get an .zip file, simply extract the contents to your C:\ drive. For an .exe install it like you would any other program, but set the path directly to the C:\ drive when the installer asks.
Or...you can use this page to download the "ADB for Dummies AIO App."
This will automatically install ADB for you to your C:\ directory. It's very very simple this way.
If your platform-tools folder doesn't have a fastboot.exe, place this fastboot.exe file in your C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools (or possibly simply called tools, if you set up ADB ages ago) folder.
Now you have ADB installed! Congratulations.
Unlocking the Bootloader:
***NOTE***
This will perform a factory reset on your device. You'll lose all applications. You'll lose everything. Even the data on your SD Card! Backup your SD to your computer BEFORE performing this. There is a method for backing your applications up, detailed HERE.
Get the drivers:
Uninstall any previously attempted drivers if they don't work and move to the next.
Samsung's website has a download here under "Manuals & Downloads > Software."
Option Two: Navigate to the "Device Manager" (Control Panel > Device Manager) in Windows and Select the android device. Open the properties and select the "Install Driver" option. Pick the driver with "Install from disk." Ignore any warnings about the driver not being signed properly.
PDAnet's drivers may work if the above options don't. Simply install PDAnet (after uninstalling any previous attempted driver installations) to get the drivers.
While that is downloading, on your Galaxy Nexus: turn USB debugging on.
This can be found in Settings>Developer Options>USB Debugging
Once the drivers are installed, navigate to the C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools folder on your computer.
Hold shift and right click. Select "Open Command Window Here."
On your phone: turn USB Debugging On. This can be found in Settings>Developer Settings.
Plug your phone into the computer. Now in this command window type:
Code:
adb reboot bootloader
(Hit Enter)
Your phone should now boot into a screen with a green android with his chest exposed.
Type this:
Code:
fastboot oem unlock
(Hit Enter)
If your Command Prompt displays the message "waiting for device" your driver wasn't successfully installed.
Close the Command Prompt window and open Device manager while your phone is still plugged in. (Search for it using the search option).
Right Click the "Android" option and select Update Driver. Choose to "Browse My Computer" and "Let Me Pick From A List." Pick the Samsung driver with the newest date and install it. Now retry the code above.
Your phone will ask if you want to unlock it. Select "Yes" by using the volume keys and use power to select it.
Now, navigate to "Recovery Mode" with the volume keys. Use power to select.
A screen with another Android will pop up. Press Volume Up and Power at the same time.
Select Factory Reset. This process may take a few minutes. Be patient and let it work.
Once finished, select "Reboot."
Your phone is now unlocked!
Obtaining Root Access and Custom Recovery:
Turn on USB Debugging in Settings>Developer Options>USB Debugging.
Download the following:
SuperSU (CWM .zip)
CWM (Pick the version for your device [GSM/SPRINT/VERIZON])
Place the recovery-clockwork-VERSIONNUMBER-toro.img (or the recovery-clockwork-VERSIONNUMBER-toroplus.img if you're a Sprint user. Or the recovery-clockwork-VERSIONNUMBER-maguro.img if you're a GSM user) file into your C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools folder.
Put the SuperSU.zip on your phone.
Open another Command Prompt if it isn't still open. (Navigate to C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools and shift + right click. Select "Open Command Window Here.")
With your phone plugged in type:
Code:
adb reboot bootloader
(Hit Enter)
And wait for your phone to boot into the android again.
Now type:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery IMAGENAME.img
(Change the file name to the correct file name and Hit Enter)
Once that is finished: select the "Recovery Mode" option again on your phone.
You should get a new recovery menu here. Select "install zip from sd card" and "choose zip from sd card."
Find the SuperSU.zip that you transferred earlier and select "Yes" to installing.
Navigate back to "Reboot" and reboot your phone.
You're now rooted!
However, ClockworkMod Recovery won't continue to load after this.
To fix this, find "Rom Manager" from the market. (The free version is fine.) Use the "Flash ClockworkMod Recovery" option.
If your recovery still doesn't stick around after a reboot, you have another couple options. Find a file explorer that allows root access, such as Root Explorer. Use this program to rename /system/etc/install-recovery.sh to /system/etc/install-recovery.bak. You'll need to mount the system as r/w to do this. Root Explorer provides a button at the top to do so.
Or, you can do this completely manually by firing up ADB again and running a few commands:
Code:
adb shell
(Hit Enter)
Code:
su
(Hit Enter)
Code:
mount -o remount,rw -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /system
(Hit Enter)
Code:
mv /system/etc/install-recovery.sh /system/etc/install-recovery.bak
(Hit Enter)
Congratulations!
Your phone is now unlocked, rooted, and has a custom recovery!
Continue reading the next posts for info on getting custom roms, kernels, tweaks, and more!
***I take no responsibility for what happens to your phone due to following this guide! That being said, not only am I sure you'll be fine...but there are an endless amount of users who would be glad to help if you need it.***
Thanks:
Google, for making Android a reality.
VanillaTbone, for the ADB AIO app.
Droid-Life, for a previous guide that I used as an outline while writing this one.
Efrant, for posting about a bootloader locking utility without USB.
ClockworkMod team, for being a part of making our phones as awesome as they are.
The assorted developers, who continue to push out amazing material for us to use.
The awesome community, for endlessly supporting both Android itself and its users.

Installing Custom Roms Kernels and Tweaks
All of the instructions below require your bootloader to be unlocked. Please follow the guide above and return here when you're done.
Backing Your Files Up:
Time required:
15-25 minutes.
Making a Nandroid
The first thing you're going to want to do is back up your phone's entire system. This is done by making a "nandroid."
To do this, boot into ClockworkMod Recovery. To accomplish this: Turn your phone off. Once it is completely off: hold both volume buttons and the power button until the Android with his chest exposed is displayed. Navigate to the "Recovery Mode" option and select "backup."
This will take some time. Be patient and let it finish. This process is important! You should always have a recent nandroid available on your device.
Backing Your Applications Up
Install Titanium Backup from the market.
Open Titanium Backup. A Superuser request should pop up. Allow it. Note: if Titanium Backup then says it failed to obtain root access; press the menu button and select more>reload application.
Press menu>batch. Select "Backup all User Apps." Select all and "Run the Batch Operation."
Let the process complete. This may take quite some time: depending on how many applications you have installed.
You can now backup your Text Messages, Bookmarks, and WiFi addresses with Titanium Backup as well.
Press Menu>Backup Data To XML to do so.
Backing Your Contacts Up
Note: This process may or not be useful to you. The Google servers should automatically import any contacts you have stored back whenever you install a new rom. Also note that Facebook/Google+/etc contacts will need to be synced again through their respective applications.
Open the Contacts application.
Press the Menu button.
Select import/export.
Export to storage.
Installing A Rom (Or Kernel/Radios/Tweaks/Themes/etc.)
Time Required:
5-10 minutes.
Note:
Follow the guide above about backing your phone up before attempting!
This guide will also work for flashing kernels/radios/themes/tweaks/etc. Simply ignore the part about wiping data and wipe whatever the thread says you should. You only need to restore data after a rom install.
Find a Rom You'd Like To Try:
Verizon Galaxy Nexus
Sprint Galaxy Nexus
GSM Galaxy Nexus
Download the rom you'd like to try on your device.
Most roms also require you to install "gapps" as well.
You can find the correct ones for the rom you're using in the rom thread.
Make sure the Rom and Gapps are on your SD card.
Now, open Google Wallet (if you have it installed) and press Options>Settings>Reset Google Wallet. This will prevent the "Secure Element" errors some users have experienced.
Boot into ClockworkMod Recovery by turning your device completely off. Hold volume up, volume down, and power until the green Android with the open chest is displayed. Navigate to "Recovery Mode" with the volume buttons and select using the power button.
Remember to have a recent nandroid before continuing!
Navigate to "wipe data/factory reset" and select it. Select "yes."
Wait for the process to complete. This may take some time. Be patient!
Once complete: Navigate to "Install Zip from SD card" and "Choose zip from SD card."
Find the rom's .zip and install it. Once that completes install any applicable gapps' .zip.
Select the "Reboot" option.
Congratulations! Your phone should now boot into the custom rom!
Follow the prompts to re-activate your phone.
Restoring Your Applications / Contacts / Nandroid
Time Required:
5-15 minutes.
Restoring Your Applicaions
Install Titanium Backup. Note: you may want the pro key. If you have it, you won't have to manually click "install" on each application. The process is completely automated. Open Titanium Backup (grant root access. If titanium says it failed to obtain root access, press menu>more>reload application). Press menu>batch>restore missing apps with data. Now, here you have a choice to make. Do you want a completely clean install? Select "app only" and run the batch operation (Deselect Google Wallet first. We don't want to risk restoring wallet in any way. Install it manually through the Play Store.). Do you want all of your application data (saved games/settings/etc)? Select "app+data" and run the batch operation (Deselect Google Wallet first. We don't want to risk restoring wallet in any way. Install it manually through the Play Store.). This MAY cause you problems or it may not. Personally, I often restore application data and seldom run into any trouble. If you do find that restoring data caused problems, follow the guide above to re-install your rom and restore without data. This process will take some time. Be patient (I'd suggest turning your screen off so the screen doesn't burn, but that's just me.) It will vibrate upon completion.
You can now restore your Text Messages, Bookmarks, and WiFi addresses if you backed them up by pressing Menu>Restore Data From XML.
Note:
Overclocking/CPU tweaking applications should never be restored with data. Simply deselect it from the list.
Facebook/Haxsync/Google+ may have problems restoring your contacts when installed through Titanium Backup. Simply uninstall and reinstall through the market (and be sure to log in and select to sync your contacts again).
Also, if you have NFC Task Launcher successfully launching Tasker tasks with your stickers: they may not immediately work.
Through my testing, it's as simple to fix as uninstalling NFC Task Launcher and Tasker. Restore Tasker first. Then restore NFC task launcher.
Restoring Your Contacts
If google fails to restore your contacts (not facebook/haxsync/google+/etc) you may import them manually if you backed them up.
Open the contacts application and press menu>import/export>import from storage.
Restoring A Nandroid
If your phone is acting funny or won't boot...restore a nandroid from a previous rom or working set-up.
You may also use a Nandroid to switch back to a previous rom if you decide you don't like the one you're on.
Do this by booting into ClockworkMod Recovery (hold volume up, volume down, and power while your phone is off and navigate to "Recovery Mode").
Simply select "restore" and find the most recent (or relevant) backup.
This process will take some time. Be patient and let it complete! Once done, select "Reboot."
Note:
Nandroids are stored in the "clockworkmod" folder on your SD card. They take up quite a bit of space. ALWAYS have at least one recent one on your SD card. However, since these are huge files: you may like to delete old ones to save space. You must delete backups by booting into CWM and navigating to Backup and Restore>Delete.
Important Notes About Restoration
I outline the method of using Titanium Backup above for a reason. Restoring system applications and data is the most common cause of problems on custom roms. For this reason, always ONLY restore "missing applications" from "user applications" that were backed up when restoring onto a new rom. Every time you restore system data or applications a narwhal sodomizes your favorite childhood cartoon. This is FACT.
Installing Alternate Custom Recoveries
If you find a custom recovery (such as the touch-recovery options) that came as a .img file:
Use these instructions to flash. Plug your phone into the computer. Open up ADB. Move the .img to the C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools folder.
Type the following:
Code:
adb reboot bootloader
(Hit Enter)
You can also manually boot to the bootloader by powering off and holding volume down, volume up, power buttons until the green Android with his chest exposed is displayed.
Then type:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery FILENAME.img
(Replace the file name with whatever the .img is called and Hit Enter).
Wait for the process to complete and reboot.
***I take no responsibility for what happens to your phone due to following this guide! That being said, not only am I sure you'll be fine...but there are an endless amount of users who would be glad to help if you need it.***

Panic Section! (Something is Wrong)
Q: My phone won't boot!
A: The easiest option is to get into recovery and restore a nandroid using the above guide (pull battery to put phone in an off-state if needed).
However, more advanced options are available if you don't have a nandroid available (You're naughty).
Do you have another rom .zip available on your SD card? If so, simply use the above guide for installing a rom to get you booting again.
If not, you can download one on your PC. Boot into fastboot (the green Android with open chest menu). Navigate to recovery and select it with the power button.
Move the .zip to the C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools folder.
Open ADB.
Change the NAMEOFZIP.zip below to the correct file name...and perform the action.
Code:
adb push NAMEOFZIP.zip /sdcard/NAMEOFZIP.zip
(Hit enter)
You may have to reboot recovery to get the file to show up. Now follow the guide above for flashing a rom to get you booting again.
Did you install a tweak that modified only a file or two on your phone? (Find this out by opening the .zip and looking in the folders (ignore META-INF). Good news! We MAY be able to recover you completely. If this doesn't work...you'll have to follow another method.
Get your phone into fastboot (the boot-menu that allows you to select recovery/reboot/etc). Navigate to recovery and select it. Start up ADB. Pull the files that were modified out of the stock rom's .zip (using whatever tweak you were installing as reference to find what was changed) that you're on into the C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools folder. Now we're going to push these files onto your phone...replacing the tweaked ones and hopefully getting you booted again. Use this code, but change the values of the file name and where it should reside. This is only an example!
Code:
adb shell
(Hit Enter)
Code:
su
(Hit Enter)
Code:
mount -o remount,rw -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /system
(Hit Enter)
This will mount your system so you can write to it.
Code:
exit
(Hit Enter)
This should exit shell and allow the use of adb commands again. You may need to type it a couple of times (until the #_ changes back to the platform_tools> prompt).
Code:
adb push framework-res.apk /system/framework/framework-res.apk
(Press enter after each file that you need to replace).
Note: This last option probably won't work. I'd just skip over it unless you're absolutely adamant about restoring your current setup and want to try everything possible.
Q: I want my SDcard files from my phone...but I'm in a situation where I need to flash stock images! This will erase my SD content. What can I do to save it?
A: Do you have a custom recovery installed? If not, download a custom recovery from post one in this guide and flash it using those instructions. You'll need to be in a custom recovery in order to obtain ADB access without booting your phone. Boot into recovery (With phone turned off: hold Power and Volume+ and Volume- until the bootloader pops up and navigate to "Recovery"). Run the command:
Code:
adb pull /sdcard/ /SDCARD/
(Hit Enter)
This will put all of your files into a folder called "SDCARD" in your C:\ drive. Keep in mind that this will take a LONG time. Maybe a couple of hours.
To restore once you're booting again:
Move the "SDCARD" folder you created from your C:\ drive to the platform-tools folder. Then input:
Code:
adb push SDCARD /sdcard/
(Hit Enter)
Q: How do I make an "ADB Backup?"
A: An ADB Backup will backup your phones data (applications and their settings). Follow the guide HERE about ADB Backups.
Q: My phone gets really sluggish and often turns off or reboots on its own.
A: Without knowing anything about your situation...I'd say you either have severely bad data somewhere or some bad kernel tweaks. Use the rom install guide above, paying close attention to the part about backing up and restoring if you haven't already. In the case of a kernel problem, you're likely undervolting too low. Restore the stock kernel values and see if your problems subside.
Q: My phone screen won't turn on! This requires a battery pull to fix.
A: This is called a "Black Screen of Death" or BSOD. This is generally due to using a governor such as InteractiveX or HotplugX or possibly undervolting your device too low. Change governors or up your slots a bit.
Q: My phone is doing really weird things. Regardless of kernel/rom and even if I don't restore any data at all! Either that or I simply cannot boot up! My phone is possessed no matter what I do!
A: Razorloves has made a wonderful guide on restoring your Verizon phone back to stock. You can find it Here.
Shabbypenguin made an ODIN guide for Sprint users located Here.
Evostance made one for the GSM users, found Here.
Verizon/GSM images can always be found Here in the case that the above guides aren't updated.
Change the file names in the above guides, and you'll be good to go. *At the time of writing: Sprint images not available directly from Google.*
Q: My USB port is broken. How can I return to stock and re-lock my bootloader?
Follow the instructions in THIS post.
FAQ
Roms/Kernels
Q: What is the best rom?
A: The "best" rom is a matter of opinion. Do you like a certain customization and can't live without it? Use a rom that has that option.
Q: What is the best rom for battery life?
A: Roms themselves really shouldn't impact your battery all that much. They can have an impact, but if you're really looking for better battery I'd suggest swapping kernels or tweaking yours.
Q: What is the best rom for stability?
A: All of the roms out are "stable." They may have options that don't work correctly, but generally: this is user error. If you follow my advice on installing a rom, you'll end up with MUCH fewer bugs.
Q: What is the best kernel?
A: The best kernel is a matter of opinion. Some users may love one, while others swear by another. Find one you like and tweak it accordingly.
Q: How do I tweak a kernel for better battery?
A: Generally, you'll want to either change your governor and or undervolt and or underclock your kernel. This is done either by using SetCPU or similar apps, or with an option in your rom (usually labeled "performance" or something similar). Take note: extremely high/low voltages may cause instability. Never "set at boot" until you've thoroughly tested the options you've set. Testing includes low strain (like turning your screen off for an hour) and high strain (like playing a game for an hour) scenarios. To be extra safe: run the values for a couple days before setting them at boot. Follow the users ideas in the kernel's threads for some guidelines. However, remember that not all values will play nicely with all phones.
Miscellaneous
Q: Why does my phone perform so bad on benchmarking tests?
A: This depends on what you define as "bad." Does your phone feel fine? Ignore it. If your phone is really sluggish...you're running bad kernel settings or have bad data somewhere. That being said: our phones aren't going to be FANTASTIC with these benchmark tests. Sorry, but they aren't. We have a huge screen. And huge pixel density. And our GPU isn't the greatest of greats. This isn't bashing on the nexus at all. I'd rather have a phone that performs in every day use than a phone that gets a "FANTASTIC" benchmark but feels groggy when I perform simple tasks.
Q: How can Verizon users get Google Wallet?
A: Scan this with Google Goggles. Open the link with the Play Store.
Q: Why isn't Google Wallet working at [store]?
A: I'm not sure if it's a Google Wallet problem, or a problem with the terminal. But I personally struggle to find a terminal that consistently works in my area. Something that has generally worked for me is to open wallet and go to Options>Reset Google Wallet. You must then re-add any cards you had.
Q: Does my ass look good in these shorts?
A: Yes.
Neat Ideas / How to Show Off the Galaxy Nexus
-Get some NFC stickers. Tagstand has them available.
You can use these to make your phone perform certain tasks when you touch the sticker. Use NFC Task Launcher to define the tasks. These are capable of doing simple things like muting your volume to the more complex like turning on Tasker tasks that do things like auto-reply to text messages while you're at work.
-Do you have any suggestions? Submit them below!
***I take no responsibility for what happens to your phone due to following this guide! That being said, not only am I sure you'll be fine...but there are an endless amount of users who would be glad to help if you need it.***

Thanks for the great guide!
I have a few questions. What are kernels? What do they do? Can I have a bad kernel and ROM combination? I'm currently using AOKP build 27. What are some good kernels you would suggest? Should I save my current kernel? How would I go back to my current kernel?
Are BAMF and CM9 only for the CDMA GNex? They both say Toro and isn't that the CDMA version and Maguro is the GSM?

Tks man it was easy and smooth, now i´m rooted rocking cm9 on my Galaxy Nexus!!

3bs11 said:
Thanks for the great guide!
I have a few questions. What are kernels? What do they do? Can I have a bad kernel and ROM combination? I'm currently using AOKP build 27. What are some good kernels you would suggest? Should I save my current kernel? How would I go back to my current kernel?
Are BAMF and CM9 only for the CDMA GNex? They both say Toro and isn't that the CDMA version and Maguro is the GSM?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Kernels are the base of your phone.
They are the "engine" as far as software is concerned.
Bad Kernel/Rom combinations...kind of.
Some features may be removed from kernels. Like the ability to use the color control built into CM9. But generally, no. Other than hard-linked features built for the rom and supported by the kernel, no. I've yet to find any other than the CM9 reference I made.
Going back is as simple as re-flashing your kernel.
Remember: turn of any CPU changing apps like SetCPU or Rom-specific "performance" features before switching. You can then re-evaluate your settings.
Bamf is toro only still, I believe.
http://download.cyanogenmod.com/?device=maguro
Maguro cm9 (gsm).
Oh...
And bump for ze sake of easy access.
Wish I could get this stickied <_<

agreed this should be stickied...an a read this 20 times should be applied before posts can be made.....Oh and thanks for this it will be a one stop shop as it progress's.....

Awesome guide. Needs to be stickied. Also, I agree, my ass does look good in these shorts...
Sent from my GSM Galaxy Nexus using XDA Premium

beans_p_ said:
Awesome guide. Needs to be stickied. Also, I agree, my ass does look good in these shorts...
Sent from my GSM Galaxy Nexus using XDA Premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Le' bump.

Huge props, this is fantastically written and very in depth. If I had never flashed before this would be brilliant. Thank you for your work mate excellent job
J
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus - AOKP M4 - Franco M1

Thanks sir!
Another bump.
And I'll continue to do this until this is stickied.
It's straight stupid to not even have ONE stickied thread about the basics...

Can't describe how fantastic this guide is; it should be stickied in both the general and the development section.
If it isn't too much trouble, it would be awesome if you could put the steps to renaming the recovery.sh so the clockwork mod sticks and perhaps to reverse it (if I remember this right).

SovereigN7 said:
Can't describe how fantastic this guide is; it should be stickied in both the general and the development section.
If it isn't too much trouble, it would be awesome if you could put the steps to renaming the recovery.sh so the clockwork mod sticks and perhaps to reverse it (if I remember this right).
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Actually, I would include that...
But flashing recovery through rom manager works as well.
And I'd rather keep it noob-friendly.
I follow a forum where they said to rename that...and there are like 15 pages of people asking the same questions as to why terminal/adb aren't working.

Fixed wording of "shift" showing as "****" lol.
And...le bump.

@Jubakuba You might want to add the link for the recovery image for maguro as well. Your instructions only have toro in there! Beginners may get stuck on that.

ankushkatari said:
@Jubakuba You might want to add the link for the recovery image for maguro as well. Your instructions only have toro in there! Beginners may get stuck on that.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Look again, it's there.
Thanks though!
Edit:
Upon checking to make sure I wasn't wrong...
The link should have appeared next to the CDMA for simplicity.
So I updated.
This was initially a RootzWiki CDMA forum post...
Had to be edited for here a bit...and the merged CDMA/GSM forum here makes it a bit hard.
Thanks!

Awesome job on this Jubakuba, thank you for sharing it. Stickied it is.
(You can quit bumping it now )

xHausx said:
Awesome job on this Jubakuba, thank you for sharing it. Stickied it is.
(You can quit bumping it now )
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Lol, sorry
And thanks!

thanks, I had no clue about tags, wish they worked with phone off.

That is a very good guide by the way. Wish I had that when I did my phone but I had a great guy help me out. So I was lucky. Thanks for this!

[HOWTO] Unlock, Root, and Install CWM on Galaxy Nexus using a Mac

[highlight]IMPORTANT! DATA LOSS![/highlight] For security purposes, this process will delete everything on your phone, including everything on the internal sd card! If you haven't backed up, do so now! Any pictures, videos, and documents not backed up will be unrecoverable...
First things first... This is mostly adapted from this guide by loveubuntu. Many Thanks!
[highlight]WARNING:[/highlight] Rooting your device probably violates your provider's acceptable use policy. It also voids your warranty. If you damage your device while following this guide, you are responsible!
That said, this process worked for me, without any problems.
[size=+2]Install the Java SDK[/size]
You may not need to do this if you're on a version before 10.7 (Lion)... I'm not sure.
You'll need an Apple Developer account, but they're free... Go to the Apple Developer Download page. The current version for Lion at the time of this writing is Java for OS X 2012-003.
Download and install.
[size=+2]Download and Setup Android SDK[/size]
Download the Android SDK. Make sure you get the one for Mac OSX.
Open the file to unzip it. For convenience, move the folder to your home directory. Open terminal and use the following command. You can leave terminal open... We'll be using it again, and again, and again...
Code:
mv Downloads/android-sdk-macosx ~
[size=+2]Get Connected[/size]
On your phone:
Open Settings | Developer Options
Turn on USB Debugging
Plug your phone into your mac.
In terminal, on your mac, run the following commands:
Code:
cd ~/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools
adb devices
You should see your phone's serial number. If not, make sure everything is installed correctly and your phone is connected correctly.
[size=+2]Download Files[/size]
Download the latest Touch Recovery from ClockworkMod. Be sure to get the one for Google Galaxy Nexus (Verizon).
Download su.zip.
[size=+2]Unlock your Phone[/size]
Here's the part where you void your warranty and wipe your phone, so... here come the warnings again...
[highlight]IMPORTANT! DATA LOSS![/highlight] For security purposes, this process will delete everything on your phone, including everything on the internal sd card! If you haven't backed up, do so now! Any pictures, videos, and documents not backed up will be unrecoverable...
[highlight]WARNING:[/highlight] Rooting your device probably violates your provider's acceptable use policy. It also voids your warranty. If you damage your device while following this guide, you are responsible!
Turn off your phone (Are you sure you've backed up everything important on your phone???).
Hold Volume Up and Volume Down while pressing the power button to turn your phone on. Let go of the power button when the phone vibrates, but keep holding the volume buttons until you see stuff on the screen.
You should now see a big arrow and some text on your screen. The bottom line is the lock state. Congratulations, you're in the bootloader.
[highlight]Are you sure you backed everything up? Last chance...[/highlight]
If you're not plugged into your mac still, hook it up and run the following command in your terminal.
Code:
fastboot devices
You should see your phone's serial number, just like you did with adb (which doesn't work in the bootloader, of course).
[highlight]Okay, this is really your last chance. Backup any data you don't want to lose. The next command will erase everything.[/highlight]
Run the following command in terminal:
Code:
fastboot oem unlock
Use the volume up button on your phone to select YES and press the power button to accept.
Including the following, since I probably did it... Not sure if it is entirely necessary:
Use the volume up to change the value appearing in the arrow to recovery and press the power button to accept. You are taken to laying down android with a red triangle. This is the stock recovery. Now carefully press the volume up, volume down, and the power button to get to a menu. Choose wipe data and factory reset. 2 things: I had a hard time getting to the menu. Do it a few times and try pressing the power button JUST a fraction of a second earlier than the 2 volume buttons. Also wiping and resetting takes a few minutes, be patient.
[size=+2]Flash CWM Recovery[/size]
Well, if you made it this far, you've already voided your warranty and wiped your phone... why stop now?
Turn the phone off (pull battery if necessary). Boot back into the bootloader by holding the volume buttons and power again (see previous step, if you forgot how). Connect to your mac, if you're not still connected and run the following in terminal:
Code:
fastboot devices
See your device? Great! Now let's flash ClockworkMod Recovery. If you haven't moved it, it'll be in your downloads directory. You can run the following from terminal (the version may have changed, so double check):
Code:
fastboot flash recovery ~/Downloads/recovery-clockwork-touch-5.8.0.2-toro.img
[size=+2]Get Root[/size]
You're still in the bootloader, right? If not, get there and use the volume keys to select recovery. Press power to open it. Yay! CWM Touch! FTW
Okay, reboot and allow Android to create the folder structure it needs. When you get to the welcome screen, pull the battery to shutdown and boot back into the bootloader (you should be a pro at this by now). Use the volume keys to select recovery and power to get there.
If you're not connected to your mac, do so and run the following:
Code:
adb push ~/Downloads/su.zip /data/media
Yep, adb works in recovery... This just transfers the file to the root of your internal sd card.
Now run:
Code:
adb reboot recovery
Now use the menus to install su.zip. Choose zip from sd card, su.zip, etc... oh yea, and it's touchscreen.
Congratulations! You now have full administrator permissions on your phone.
[size=+2]Install Helpful Tools from Play Store[/size]
Boot your phone normally and go through the whole activation and getting started process.
Then install some tools that will help, now that you have a rooted phone. Just open the play store and search for rom manager. This is made by ClockworkMod and it works great with their recovery. Next you'll want to search for titanium backup. This will allow you to backup application data to help make loading new roms a little less of a hassle. There are free and paid versions of both of these apps. The paid versions give you more functionality, as well as, no ads.
Last, install solid explorer beta (or some other file manager). We need it for the last step.
Also, while you're in the play store, go ahead and update superuser if there is an update available.
[size=+2]Delete recovery.sh[/size]
Your phone may have a file called recovery.sh, which will flash the default recovery on reboot if you don't get rid of it.
Open Solid Explorer Beta.
Tap the Jump button at the bottom of the screen. Then Device and System Root.
Open the system folder, then open etc.
Scroll down and look for recovery.sh. If it doesn't exist, no worries... If it does, tap and hold on it, then either rename or delete it, whichever your more comfortable with.
That's it! Your unlocked and rooted. You can enjoy many benefits from just this process.
However, if you want a real benefit. Find a nice ROM and flash it using ROM Manager or by rebooting into the recovery if you need to install 2 zips, like most require. I'd like to recommend TeamBAMF.

Nice guide! I just did this myself like 2 days ago (with my replacement phone). It was really fun, I already had SDK set up n stuff though.

yes very nice guide, i hate switching between my pc & mac for just my phone.
i wonder if there is a way to do this w/o Java.

I'm pretty sure the platform tools are coded in Java, but we're not compiling anything... You may just need the jre. I already had the ask installed...
Wouldn't hurt to try.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2

anton2009 said:
Nice guide! I just did this myself like 2 days ago (with my replacement phone). It was really fun, I already had SDK set up n stuff though.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I already had the JDK setup too, so I'm not positive that step is necessary...
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2

[HOWTO] Easy Root Instructions (Sprint or T-Mobile) [Updated 24 June 2012]

First off, let me say that I did not develop this schtuff and all thanks should go to those that did. Special thanks to noobnl (his thread here), mskip and TeamEpic for all their work.
A note about these instructions:
They're long and may seem a little daunting to those that aren't experienced. Please don't let that deter you as they've been written to be as simple and easy to follow as is reasonably possible assuming you can work a Windows PC and extract a zip file.
==> If you encounter problems with these instructions, please check the FAQ in the post following this one. <==
For video instructions (courtesy of qbking77) scroll to the bottom of this post.
General Disclaimer:
Use these tools and this guide at your own risk. Doing these things wrong/improperly/etc. has the ability to completely ruin your device and YOU assume all risk and responsibility if that happens.
Also note that rooting WILL violate the manufacturers warranty on the device making it ineligible for warranty repair. If you have insurance on the device however, they MAY still replace it for the cost of your deductible.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Non-ADB Root instructions (Windows Only):
First, the non-dangerous, standard user stuff:
Download and install the Samsung USB drivers from Samsung's website: http://downloadcenter.samsung.com/c...nt_L710_GSIII_Samsung_USB_Driver_v1_4_6_0.exe
Turn on Debugging on your Phone
Open Settings
Select "Developer options" in the System section
Check the box for "USB Debugging"
Press "OK" to confirm.
Plug you phone up to your computer using the USB cable and allow the drivers to install.
Download CMW_SuperUser_v3.07.zip from the bottom of this post
I recommend making yourself a nice little GS3 folder in your downloads folder for all this stuff so it's easy to find
DO NOT UNZIP!!
Copy CMW_SuperUser_v3.07.zip on to the Root of your GS3s INTERNAL storage (if you put it into a folder, you may have a hard time finding it later, but that's on you).
DO NOT UNZIP!!
Unplug your phone
Power off your phone
Now, this is the part that can BRICK your phone so follow ALL instructions CAREFULLY!!
Download Odin3-v3.04 from the bottom of this post
Extract Odin3-v3.04 into it's own folder somewhere where you can easily find it.
Download clockworkmod.tar from the bottom of this post to somewhere you can easily find it.
Reboot your phone into download mode
Hold down Volume Down, Home and then the Power button until the Warning!! message is displayed
Press Volume Up to continue.
Your phone should now be in download mode, displaying a green Android and say Downloading. If it is not, power off your phone by holding down the power button and then try to get into Download mode again. Do NOT progress until you have done so.
Go into the folder you extracted Odin3 into and run Odin3 v3.04.exe (you may have to Right-Clik => Run as Administrator)
Connect your phone to your computer via USB. Drivers may install again; if this happens, allow them to finish before progressing.
In Odin, the COM box all the way to the left should turn blue and it should say Added!! in the Message area.
Click on PDA and in the Open window that pops up navigate to and open the clockworkmod.TAR file you downloaded earlier
Verify that Auto Reboot and F. Reset Time are checked
Click Start. Once the process is completed you device should automatically reboot and there will be a green PASS! box in the upper left of the window. You can then close Odin.
Power off your device and boot into Recovery mode
To boot into Recovery mode: Hold down Volume Up, Home and then the Power button until the device begins to power on then release all 3.
You'll know you're in recover mode when it says "CWM-based Recovery" at the top of the screen
Install CMW_SuperUser_v3.07.zip that you copied onto your internal memory
Navigating ClockWorkMod Recovery: Use the Volume Up and Down rocker to change the highlighted option and the Home button to select an option. The Back softkey works, but will not be lit and will take you back one screen.
Installing a zip:
Select "Install zip from sdcard" (Yes, I know it's on the internal storage.)
Select "Choose zip from sdcard"
Select the zip you want to install; in this case CWM_SuperUser_v3.0.7.zip
Select "Yes" to begin installing
Once the process has completed use the Back arrow to get back to the main recovery screen (Remember: it works, but it's not lit) and select "reboot system now." Once your device boots up you should now be 'Rooted,' but there's still a few more things to be done
Install BusyBox. There are actually several ways to do this, but the BusyBox app in the Google Play Market is quick and easy.
Install BusyBox (this is a link to the online verison of the Google Play store. You can actually follow this link and install it from there and it will get pushed to your phone. Alternatively, just search for BusyBox in the Google Play store and it should be the first app in the search results from author Stephen (Stericson))
Open BusyBox Free from your App Drawer
Allow it Root access when it prompts you
Tap the red "X" to close the dialog window that pops up
Allow BusyBox to scan you phone
Tap "Install" to install BusyBox and make the necessary file changes.
Update your Binaries.
Open the Superuser App from the App Drawer
Get into settings (the wrench icon in the upper right of the screen)
Select Su binary under the General section towards the bottom of the list
Select Update
Your device is now rooted and all set.
How to video (YouTube): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Soapch0c5U
Thanks again to qbking77 for the instructions video!
P.S. If you are a developer or I have used some of your material and/or you feel you should be credited, please let me know and I will update this post.

Frequently Asked Questions
This FAQ is in the works as more questions roll in so I'll do my best to keep it updated.
Q: Odin failed! What do I do!?
A: Try plugging your USB cable into a different USB port on your computer and/or try a different USB cable (Odin's picky about the cable). The drivers may install again; if so, wait for them to finish. After that, verify that the device shows as Added in Odin again and click start again. If that still fails, try unchecking F. Reset Time box and removing any MicroSD card you have in the device, plug the device into (yet another) USB port and try again.
Q: Will these instructions work for other US (LTE) versions of the GS3?
A: I have not personally tested this method on any other versions of the GS3 but uoY_redruM and carrrnuttt (and others) have confirmed that this method works for the T-Mobile version as well. It should in theory also work for the AT&T and Verizon versions, though that's unconfirmed at this point.
Q: Ok, so I've got Root. What now?
A: That's entirely up to you. Root allows a near endless amount of customizatoin, but some of the most commonly sought after benefits of Root are these:
Root Only applications. These allow you to simply do more with your phone or tweak the way it functions. Some that I personally recommend are:
Titanium Backup and its Pro Key => For making backups of your apps, app data and system data and uninstalling or freezing Bloatware.
Quick Boot => For booting drectily to recovery or Download Mode (listed as Bootloader in the App)
Removing Bloatware => I recommend Titanium Backup for this
Loading custom ROMs. There aren't many floating around just yet, but I expect that'll change soon as the ball gets rolling.

Excellent write-up. Thanks. Now can we install custom roms from other forums or do we have to specifically wait for any to come up here.

Great write up! very easy and simple

daniel06gt said:
Excellent write-up. Thanks. Now can we install custom roms from other forums or do we have to specifically wait for any to come up here.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You should wait for any specific Sprint Galaxy S3 ROMs that get posted if you want to ROM your phone. I'm sure some will be popping up by the end of the weekend so I wouldn't expect that you'll have to wait too long

Excellent write up, though I don't see the difference in methods; maybe because I speed read it but if you follow noobnl's method, you basically do the same thing, minus the adb to set the permissions, though if you install busybox, its the same goal. Again great because some people are afraid of adb.

Very nice work... I'll get a how to video going very soon!

(repost, sorry)

Great write-up! Thanks for taking the time to do this.

Thanks for writing this up!

teh roxxorz said:
Excellent write up, though I don't see the difference in methods; maybe because I speed read it but if you follow noobnl's method, you basically do the same thing, minus the adb to set the permissions, though if you install busybox, its the same goal. Again great because some people are afraid of adb.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, this and noobl's method are pretty much the same, the main reason for this post is to put the method into an easy-to-read step-by-step format that's easy for beginners to follow. Remember, we were all beginners at some point

I come from HTC so Odin is new to me, this guide is little more friendly than noobl's method. Although either would suffice this is just pretty clearly laid out.
Look forward to root.

Very nice and simple
Thank you. Now let the games begin....

cypher_zero said:
[...]Remember, we were all beginners at some point
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
While I expect a fair amount of carry-overs from Sprint Epic's and Epic Touch's, I also expect a large influx of excited users who haven't used a Galaxy S phone before.
:highfive:

How to video is done! Just have to compile and upload it

qbking77 said:
How to video is done! Just have to compile and upload it
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Always on the ball qbking77 gotta add galaxy s 3 to your signature now =)

teh roxxorz said:
Excellent write up, though I don't see the difference in methods; maybe because I speed read it but if you follow noobnl's method, you basically do the same thing, minus the adb to set the permissions, though if you install busybox, its the same goal. Again great because some people are afraid of adb.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I hate adb that shiit is tedious LOL

tj.iscool said:
I hate adb that shiit is tedious LOL
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can always script a bat file or two, saves always rewriting commands.

tj.iscool said:
I hate adb that shiit is tedious LOL
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I actually prefer adb over one click roots.
Something about seeing what your doing and sense of accomplishment lol

cypher_zero said:
Yes, this and noobl's method are pretty much the same, the main reason for this post is to put the method into an easy-to-read step-by-step format that's easy for beginners to follow. Remember, we were all beginners at some point
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No qualms there, just making sure I didn't miss anything. Though you are right, it may be hard for a beginner to follow noob's more experienced cut throat guide. Kudos.