Develop Bugs

[Q] Kindle Fire in Demo Mode

How can i get my kindle fire out of demo mode? Please help.

Install any launcher via adb shell command using your PC and re-boot
Sent from my Amazon Kindle Fire using Tapatalk

How do I do that?

follow the below steps using your PC or MAC:
1- download a launcher from the market such as AWD launcher to your PC
2- connect your KF to your PC
3- make sure you can communicate to you KF via adb command I.e. adb devices. After executing ad devices command,you will see your KF S/N.
4- then use adb install command to install the launcher
Sent from my Amazon Kindle Fire using Tapatalk

How did you put your fire in demo mode? I've never seen such a thing except at a store.
Sent from my Kindle Fire using Tapatalk

MikeGolfW said:
How did you put your fire in demo mode? I've never seen such a thing except at a store.
Sent from my Kindle Fire using Tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
They are models sent to stores for display, More than likely this was stolen from such a place would be my guess.

Rooting would always fix it as well.
Sent from my Amazon Kindle Fire using xda premium

asb2164 said:
They are models sent to stores for display, More than likely this was stolen from such a place would be my guess.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There is a way to put it in demo mode on your own, I did it by accident last night trying to get into recovery I waited to long on firefirefire and the pressed the power button a few times trying to force it to reboot b4 it fully loaded, total fail it booted into demo mode, I for the life of me couldn't figure out how in the hell to turn demo off so I just went to twrp and flashed a different rom which is what I was trying to do the first time when my son distracted me and I missed the chance to boot in
We are legion, for we are many

-EViL-KoNCEPTz- said:
There is a way to put it in demo mode on your own, I did it by accident last night trying to get into recovery I waited to long on firefirefire and the pressed the power button a few times trying to force it to reboot b4 it fully loaded, total fail it booted into demo mode, I for the life of me couldn't figure out how in the hell to turn demo off so I just went to twrp and flashed a different rom which is what I was trying to do the first time when my son distracted me and I missed the chance to boot in
We are legion, for we are many
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How is this suppose to work, when your kindle if in demo mode, and 3rd party developer debugging isn't on? I've been trying to restore to factory default. Need some help on this one...

demo mode finally cleared
zennode said:
How can i get my kindle fire out of demo mode? Please help.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is My first post and im allittle nervous so......
My girlfriend was cheated out of some money when she bought a Fire Hd 8.9 from some girl. it turned out to be the Demo version.
I was able to remove the demo by going to the app store, it asked to set up wifi so i did that, loading file manager then going online downloading 1market app apk. they asked for permission to allow non market apk to be installed so i granted that.
then i went to amazon downloaded newest version of fire 8.9 placed it on update folder from my file manager.
then i downloaded adw launcher apk from 1market store.
This launcher allowed me to access device from settings and from there i updated my kindle fire. it removed the demo version and now running latest version and no demo.
I did all this after rooting the device but i see no way that this method wont work on non rooted devices.
Only difference is that there is no lock screen on the kindle. but besides that works great......
This answering questions thing is hard please dont ever make me do this again....

Cvillah said:
This is My first post and im allittle nervous so......
This answering questions thing is hard please dont ever make me do this again....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Nice job on a well laid out and helpful first post!
First off, however, you have a KFHD demo, which may or may not be the same as original KF demos.
In my case here, it is not the same, because it would not let me access the app store or internet, because it isn't available in my demo version. Just sayin'
I am not looking for anwers, just providing others with some more knowledge.

Remove Demo from Kindle Fire 8.9
Cvillah said:
This is My first post and im allittle nervous so......
My girlfriend was cheated out of some money when she bought a Fire Hd 8.9 from some girl. it turned out to be the Demo version.
I was able to remove the demo by going to the app store, it asked to set up wifi so i did that, loading file manager then going online downloading 1market app apk. they asked for permission to allow non market apk to be installed so i granted that.
then i went to amazon downloaded newest version of fire 8.9 placed it on update folder from my file manager.
then i downloaded adw launcher apk from 1market store.
This launcher allowed me to access device from settings and from there i updated my kindle fire. it removed the demo version and now running latest version and no demo.
I did all this after rooting the device but i see no way that this method wont work on non rooted devices.
Only difference is that there is no lock screen on the kindle. but besides that works great......
This answering questions thing is hard please dont ever make me do this again....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have just purchased an 8.9 Demo unit which has not arrived yet.
I am not aware that the demo unit allow one to go to the web at all.
Thus, I am wondering how you were able to get the tablet to browse and download anything?
I would love to be able to turn my Demo unit into a working tablet but, it sure seems like without ADB debugging, this will not be possible.
Another question is how did you get the unit rooted as a demo unit?
Again, without ADB debugging on, how do you root?
I traveled to a store to look at a KDF 8.9 Demo unit.
The Demo tablet does have a web access ICON.
One Demo unit had access to wifi and the net but had parental controls on which prevented access to settings for non-market apps, etc.
The second DEMO unit did not allow access to the web and there was also no access to settings.
When a URL was typed into the address bar, the typical "error 404 , no access found message"
Either way, it did was not clear if a new or stock firmware could be loaded.
I hope someone can provide more detail on the specifics of removing or overriding the DEMO firmware.
Regards Jerry

Instructions
Ey this is my first time trying to do this my kindle fire hdx is in demo mode can u please help me to re install original software in order to fully use it. I dont understand on step 1 when u say downlod a luncher from the market>>>
ammubarak said:
follow the below steps using your pc or mac:
1- download a launcher from the market such as awd launcher to your pc
2- connect your kf to your pc
3- make sure you can communicate to you kf via adb command i.e. Adb devices. After executing ad devices command,you will see your kf s/n.
4- then use adb install command to install the launcher
sent from my amazon kindle fire using tapatalk
Click to expand...
Click to collapse

Cast Receiver on Fire TV?

Has anyone had any luck installing the Cast Receiver app here? http://forum.xda-developers.com/hardware-hacking/chromecast/app-cast-receiver-app-android-t2900726
I get the this error when trying to sideload it
Code:
Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_OLDER_SDK]
I'd really love to get native casting support on the Fire TV.

rog1121 said:
Has anyone had any luck installing the Cast Receiver app here? http://forum.xda-developers.com/hardware-hacking/chromecast/app-cast-receiver-app-android-t2900726
I get the this error when trying to sideload it
Code:
Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_OLDER_SDK]
I'd really love to get native casting support on the Fire TV.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I want to do the root version , I just have no idea how.
The adb shell says device not found.
This would be such a killer feature if it could work.

Testing it with the author.
basically it seems the signed version crashes because uses the port 8008 which is used by the Whisperplay Daemon (Amazon implementatio of the DIAL protocol if im not wrong).
I need to know if theres a safe way to disable the daemon so that Cast receiver can start properly
@rbox please help if you can.

puppinoo said:
Testing it with the author.
basically it seems the signed version crashes because uses the port 8008 which is used by the Whisperplay Daemon (Amazon implementatio of the DIAL protocol if im not wrong).
I need to know if theres a safe way to disable the daemon so that Cast receiver can start properly
@rbox please help if you can.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
So they are doing some kind of sneaky something. If I disable the package, it still runs. And if I reboot, the disable is gone and it's still running. You need to rename or delete /system/app/WhisperplayCore.apk and reboot.

rbox said:
So they are doing some kind of sneaky something. If I disable the package, it still runs. And if I reboot, the disable is gone and it's still running. You need to rename or delete /system/app/WhisperplayCore.apk and reboot.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks.
And of course it's completely safe to stop them cause they are not mandatory (no risk to brick)? Just to be sure.
Regards.

puppinoo said:
Thanks.
And of course it's completely safe to stop them cause they are not mandatory (no risk to brick)? Just to be sure.
Regards.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No. It won't brick.

Well I renamed the apk and now the Cast receiver service (signed version) started successfully.
Screen casting from Chromecast official app didn't work (I think signed version of the receiver wasnt supposed to do that), but worked fine Youtube casting.
I'll test better with other sites or sending local contents.
Regards.
Puppinoo.

If only mine was rooted
I guess I'll just wait for my Nexus Player to ship

I had this mostly working with the recovery installed version on the older OS, but have since updated to the latest rooted version via rbox's zip and cwm recovery (Thanks). Now that I'm on the latest os I haven't been able to get this to work. Any tips or troubleshooting I should try? Does it work for others on the latest?

What is the best model to hack for free stuff?

I want to buy one and get the best. Thanks

doctor-cool said:
I want to buy one and get the best. Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
A used FireTV Box 4k (2015) with confirmed firmware 5.2.1.1 (or lower 5.x) and blocked updates. This can be rooted by KingRoot and then the prerooted stock image 5.2.6.2 can be installed.
The FireTV Box 4k (2015) is the fastest Fire TV device currently available.
The update servers should be blocked in the router before connecting the box to the network.

rainman74 said:
A used FireTV Box 4k (2015) with confirmed firmware 5.2.1.1 (or lower 5.x) and blocked updates. This can be rooted by KingRoot and then the prerooted stock image 5.2.6.2 can be installed.
The FireTV Box 4k (2015) is the fastest Fire TV device currently available.
The update servers should be blocked in the router before connecting the box to the network.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you think I need to get this or can I get a better deal? https://www.ebay.com

doctor-cool said:
Do you think I need to get this or can I get a better deal? https://www.ebay.com/itm/New-Amazon...488509&hash=item4b3ad8b717:g:mMIAAOSw2ilamG0~
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That is perfect!

rainman74 said:
A used FireTV Box 4k (2015) with confirmed firmware 5.2.1.1 (or lower 5.x) and blocked updates. This can be rooted by KingRoot and then the prerooted stock image 5.2.6.2 can be installed.
The update servers should be blocked in the router before connecting the box to the network.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Got it! The seller said the firmware on this unit is probably 5.0.5.1. Is there a list of update servers to block? I've rooted the Note 4 but I know nothing about firetv

doctor-cool said:
Got it! The seller said the firmware on this unit is probably 5.0.5.1. Is there a list of update servers to block? I've rooted the Note 4 but I know nothing about firetv
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How to block software updates

rainman74 said:
A used FireTV Box 4k (2015) with confirmed firmware 5.2.1.1 (or lower 5.x) and blocked updates. This can be rooted by KingRoot and then the prerooted stock image 5.2.6.2 can be installed.
The FireTV Box 4k (2015) is the fastest Fire TV device currently available.
The update servers should be blocked in the router before connecting the box to the network.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Devivered today. It's on 5.0.5.1 , I think I got passed the update by pulling the ethernet cable as soon as it established a connection. I had to watch the introduction video but then it let me register. I used an A to C usb cable from my computer to run the adb command "adb shell pm hide com.amazon.device.software.ota" From the Method 2 Guide. I think I'm safe but I don't want to connected to the internet till I'm sure.
Method 3: Block updates via Router didn't seem to work for me because the file test downloaded even after blocking the domains. I've been trying to find the best, most up-to-date rooting method. I got Minimal ADB and Fastboot working. Any help will be appreciated.

doctor-cool said:
Devivered today. It's on 5.0.5.1 , I think I got passed the update by pulling the ethernet cable as soon as it established a connection. I had to watch the introduction video but then it let me register. I used an A to C usb cable from my computer to run the adb command "adb shell pm hide com.amazon.device.software.ota" From the Method 2 Guide. I think I'm safe but I don't want to connected to the internet till I'm sure.
Method 3: Block updates via Router didn't seem to work for me because the file test downloaded even after blocking the domains. I've been trying to find the best, most up-to-date rooting method. I got Minimal ADB and Fastboot working. Any help will be appreciated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You've already done the hardest part.
Now plug in a USB mouse (or an apk that simulates a mouse) and sideload KingRoot 4.80 or 4.90 (it needs a mouse on the indroduction screen to touch the button and swipe it up) and run it, it may be that KingRoot doesn't make it the first time, then just start again. After the 2nd or last 3rd time I always had 100% success, the FireTV starts again in between, that's normal.
If you then have root, you install TWRP and then rbox latest prerooted firmware 5.2.6.2.
TWRP
Firmware
You can skip the Managing Stock Recovery section.

rainman74 said:
You've already done the hardest part.
Now plug in a USB mouse (or an apk that simulates a mouse) and sideload KingRoot 4.80 or 4.90 (it needs a mouse on the indroduction screen to touch the button and swipe it up) and run it, it may be that KingRoot doesn't make it the first time, then just start again. After the 2nd or last 3rd time I always had 100% success, the FireTV starts again in between, that's normal.
If you then have root, you install TWRP and then rbox latest prerooted firmware 5.2.6.2.
TWRP
Firmware
You can skip the Managing Stock Recovery section.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have tried to use kingroot from pc and no luck, says something about krhelper4pc. I tried 4.80 installed on fire tv and reboots at 35% and after reboot starts over. Tried 4.90 installed on fire tv and reboots after 36% then starts again at 36% then fails. Tried about 6 or 7 times always fails. Any ideas? Also I'm on 5.2.1.1 firmware which I read is still rootable.

BRICK0044 said:
I have tried to use kingroot from pc and no luck, says something about krhelper4pc. I tried 4.80 installed on fire tv and reboots at 35% and after reboot starts over. Tried 4.90 installed on fire tv and reboots after 36% then starts again at 36% then fails. Tried about 6 or 7 times always fails. Any ideas? Also I'm on 5.2.1.1 firmware which I read is still rootable.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
KingRoot needs an internet connection.
If that doesn't solve the problem, I'll send you my version on Tuesday. You could try KingoRoot as an alternative.
Hope Amazon hasn't taken KingRoot off for FireTVs.

rainman74 said:
KingRoot needs an internet connection.
If that doesn't solve the problem, I'll send you my version on Tuesday. You could try KingoRoot as an alternative.
Hope Amazon hasn't taken KingRoot off for FireTVs.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did have an internet connection and after I posted I tried abour 6 other versions of Kingroot. One of them seemed to get all the way through. But when I checked with root checker it said not rooted. I will try KingoRoot today. Thank you.

rainman74 said:
KingRoot needs an internet connection.
If that doesn't solve the problem, I'll send you my version on Tuesday. You could try KingoRoot as an alternative.
Hope Amazon hasn't taken KingRoot off for FireTVs.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you very much. KingoRoot worked first time. Installed TWRP and rbox's prerooted firmware and disabled updates and checked to make sure they can't be downloaded. I'm lovin it.

BRICK0044 said:
Thank you very much. KingoRoot worked first time. Installed TWRP and rbox's prerooted firmware and disabled updates and checked to make sure they can't be downloaded. I'm lovin it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Perfect :good:

Rainman74, where are you finding this apk? com.amazon.amazonvideo.livingroom.nvidia . Thanks in advance.

BRICK0044 said:
Rainman74, where are you finding this apk? com.amazon.amazonvideo.livingroom.nvidia . Thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
com.amazon.amazonvideo.livingroom.nvidia

rainman74 said:
com.amazon.amazonvideo.livingroom.nvidia
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks again, I was looking on the fire tv with es filemanager. Over thinking it I guess.

rainman74 said:
Perfect :good:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please Can I get a copy?

doctor-cool said:
Please Can I get a copy?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
of what?

rainman74 said:
of what?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The Kingroot you used. I have not had success with I I have used.

doctor-cool said:
the kingroot you used. I have not had success with i i have used.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
View attachment KingRoot-4.8.0.apk
View attachment Kingo-Root-4.2.9.apk
View attachment Mouse-Toggle-for-Fire-TV-1.08.apk (mouse emulator to control the KingRoot start screen)
Mouse Toggle for Fire TV:
First install the APK on an Android tablet or phone, then select your Fire TV and the app installs the main Fire TV app via sideload to the Fire TV.
Alternatively the official Google Play Store Version

FireTV Stick Tata Sky Edition

Hi folks
I got my hands on the Tata Sky edition Fire TV stick and as stated by the company, you need the subscription to use the device. I see there are a few posts on the forum already regarding the same but non seems to provide a ultimate solution to make this device usable without subscription. Some one advised to unlock it but I will try that later.
Some important information about how I understand the device works and where I stand right now.
* The Device is currently running on Fire OS 5.2.7.2.
* You can use the Prime Video app regardless of Tata Sky subsciption.
* On first boot, the OS auto installs the Tata Sky app.
* On launching any app, it will prompt that you are not subscribed to the service.
* I could uninstal the Tata Sky app using adb, post which the prompt is no more coming but unfortunately none of the apps will launch. Clicking on the app does nothing.
* I tried side loading a third party launcher but it still wont launch like other apps.
So my question.
How are they achieving such limitation? is it possible to bypass this limitation somehow by uninstalling a package that might be handling it?
Assumption- They may have loaded a custom launcher to achieve this but I am not sure, tried uninstalling the default launcher using adm command but it failed with following error.
Failure [DELETE_FAILED_INTERNAL_ERROR]
I also tried to find if I can manually install a retail stock fw on the device but couldnt find a proper guide to achieve the same as well.
Please guide.

--

EnDLessssS said:
Hi folks
I got my hands on the Tata Sky edition Fire TV stick and as stated by the company, you need the subscription to use the device. I see there are a few posts on the forum already regarding the same but non seems to provide a ultimate solution to make this device usable without subscription. Some one advised to unlock it but I will try that later.
Some important information about how I understand the device works and where I stand right now.
* The Device is currently running on Fire OS 5.2.7.2.
* You can use the Prime Video app regardless of Tata Sky subsciption.
* On first boot, the OS auto installs the Tata Sky app.
* On launching any app, it will prompt that you are not subscribed to the service.
* I could uninstal the Tata Sky app using adb, post which the prompt is no more coming but unfortunately none of the apps will launch. Clicking on the app does nothing.
* I tried side loading a third party launcher but it still wont launch like other apps.
So my question.
How are they achieving such limitation? is it possible to bypass this limitation somehow by uninstalling a package that might be handling it?
Assumption- They may have loaded a custom launcher to achieve this but I am not sure, tried uninstalling the default launcher using adm command but it failed with following error.
Failure [DELETE_FAILED_INTERNAL_ERROR]
I also tried to find if I can manually install a retail stock fw on the device but couldnt find a proper guide to achieve the same as well.
Please guide.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did You Got any Solution .. if yes then please let me know

Unearthly Human said:
Did You Got any Solution .. if yes then please let me know
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes, I unlocked the device bootloader and installed another OS and used tv apps on it fine, Alexa and all didnt work. I have anyways sold that device long back and bought retail device.

EnDLessssS said:
Yes, I unlocked the device bootloader and installed another OS and used tv apps on it fine, Alexa and all didnt work. I have anyways sold that device long back and bought retail device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey please can you tell me how to do that please call me 7021272303

EnDLessssS said:
Yes, I unlocked the device bootloader and installed another OS and used tv apps on it fine, Alexa and all didnt work. I have anyways sold that device long back and bought retail device.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please tell the steps to do that

Please follow the guide in this link.
[UNLOCK][ROOT][TWRP][UNBRICK] Fire TV Stick 2nd gen (tank)
Read this whole guide before starting. This is for the 2nd gen Fire TV Stick (tank) Current relase: amonet-tank-v1.2.2.zip NOTE: Recent reports indicate a change that disables brom DL-mode The change seems to have been introduced with devices...
forum.xda-developers.com

Mehraadsm said:
Please tell the steps to do that
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please follow the guide in the below link.
[UNLOCK][ROOT][TWRP][UNBRICK] Fire TV Stick 2nd gen (tank)
Read this whole guide before starting. This is for the 2nd gen Fire TV Stick (tank) Current relase: amonet-tank-v1.2.2.zip NOTE: Recent reports indicate a change that disables brom DL-mode The change seems to have been introduced with devices...
forum.xda-developers.com

How can I reinstall Firmware on FireTV?

Hi everyone,
I received a FireTV box from a friend who didn't want it anymore. The model # on the back says DV83YW. I believe this is FireTV 2nd Gen, correct?
Anyways, the FireTV box was working when I received it, but it would not install the YouTube app from the app store. I attempted to do a Firware update but it would not install that either.
After contacting Amazon support they told me to do a factory reset which completed successfully. However, now, after connecting to the internet and selecting language the firmware automatically goes into firmware update and fails. It looks like it fails to even download the update. Then, Amazon support basically told me that the FireTV box is bricked and they can't help further.
Is there any way to flash the latest firmware via the USB port to get it working again?
Thanks in advance for the help!

omairkha said:
Hi everyone,
I received a FireTV box from a friend who didn't want it anymore. The model # on the back says DV83YW. I believe this is FireTV 2nd Gen, correct?
Anyways, the FireTV box was working when I received it, but it would not install the YouTube app from the app store. I attempted to do a Firware update but it would not install that either.
After contacting Amazon support they told me to do a factory reset which completed successfully. However, now, after connecting to the internet and selecting language the firmware automatically goes into firmware update and fails. It looks like it fails to even download the update. Then, Amazon support basically told me that the FireTV box is bricked and they can't help further.
Is there any way to flash the latest firmware via the USB port to get it working again?
Thanks in advance for the help!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can root your FireTV via this, i think
https://www.aftvnews.com/amazon-fire-tv-2-box-running-latest-software-version-has-been-rooted/
After that flash TWRP, from there flash latest prerooted System Images.
If the prerooted images don't have updates blocked, when a system update is available then it will download it f for you which will be in update.bla.bla.bin format, copy that from your data partition to internal storage
This will be your stock rom, you can use TWRP to wipe the system and flash Stock if you want

SweenWolf said:
You can root your FireTV via this, i think
https://www.aftvnews.com/amazon-fire-tv-2-box-running-latest-software-version-has-been-rooted/
After that flash TWRP, from there flash latest prerooted System Images.
If the prerooted images don't have updates blocked, when a system update is available then it will download it f for you which will be in update.bla.bla.bin format, copy that from your data partition to internal storage
This will be your stock rom, you can use TWRP to wipe the system and flash Stock if you want
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for the reply. I'll give this a shot but not sure if it will work. As it stands now, the Fire TV halts at the firmware update error screen after I select the language and connect to a network. I can't get into home screen or settings to enable the ADB Debugging. Hopefully it's already enabled, or is there another way to get into the settings via the remote?

So just as I thought I can't connect to the FireTv through adb since I can't get to the home screen or the settings. Any other ideas?

Also cannot update fire tv 2 sloane
omairkha said:
So just as I thought I can't connect to the FireTv through adb since I can't get to the home screen or the settings. Any other ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This will not help you but i am in a very similar predicament.
Got Fire TV 2 from friend on 5.2.6.0 which is OLD firmware, and i cannot get it to update. Many factory resets.
Amazon support is COMEPLETELY useless, but i would suggest contacting Amazon and beg them to return it for another.
On this one, although i AM able to access UI screen and use it, i cannot update it, in turn i cannot install Youtube TV - the one with cable tv channels not regular youtube. The primary purpose for me having this.

For anyone with a similar problem in 2022 , the fire tv 2 box aka sloane
had its last update at 5.2.8 I think . don't hold me to that lol.
Basically you aren't going to find that ROM update around after you unlock and flash the
box, its only shared on Amazon as source code and the available roms you would use
to restore are all pre rooted which usually blocks updates .
WHAT you NEED to do is search xda for unlocking and rooting fire tv 2 Sloane .
The process involves opening your box and shorting certain pins while you execute
Linux command and software .
Amazon purposely wants to phase out the usefulness and functionality of the fire tv Sloane , so this leaves users with a problem .
Closest ROM you can probably get to flash in twrp would be 5.2.7.6
For anyone looking to update the ROM beyond that , you would have to contact the
devs for help on a specific method to allow the updates again .
I'm sure there's a way to do it
I'm not a dev though , I just enjoy guiding people to see they find the help they need.
Peace.