Develop Bugs

Replacement Screen for Note 10.1

Has anyone had to replace their screen? If so, where did you buy your screen from? I have been looking on eBay and have found decent prices. I just worry about buying stuff from China / Hong Kong that might not work. If you have replaced your screen, or you know a place that sells reputable parts, please let me know!!!

Have you pulled the screen yet and got the part numbers?
Sent from my GT-N7000 using XDA Premium HD app

I bought a very cheap Galaxy Note 10.1 with a cracked glass at eBay. At the same time I bought a replacement glass also at eBay.
When I received the tablet I noticed there was really no need to replace the glass since the crack was outside the viewing area and didn't affected at all visibility or touch.
Even so, I decided to change the glass because the tablet was white and the glass I ordered was black and I find it much better for watching movies and also the white border tends to darken the colours when using a paint program. (so now my tablet is unique: black in the front, white in the back
The Note is very easy to disassemble if you have the adequate tools for opening plastic cases. It is very modular so it is all a matter of removing connectors and taking pieces out. Finally you have the front case and the glass and here is the difficult thing because the glass is glued to the case so you have to apply heat with a heat gun on low or a hair dryer on high until the glue becomes soft and easy to separate. even so, I broke my old glass even more when trying to remove it. It may be Gorilla glass, very resistant to scratches, but it is thin as hell, very fragile.
Placing the new glass was much easier. It comes with glue and screen protectors on both sides.
My only concern was the original glass had a thin layer of dark grey EVA all around the screen that I suppose is for cushioning the gap between the glass and the LCD and the replacement glass didn't have it. But I haven't had any problem with the new glass and apparently, all the replacement glasses I've seen don't have this EVA layer. Tactile detection is perfect, just like the original.
Here is the link to the seller:
/itm/TOUCH-SCREEN-DIGITIZER-GLASS-SAMSUNG-GALAXY-NOTE-10-1-GT-N8000-N8010-N8013-/330897546168?pt=UK_Replacement_Parts_Tools&hash=item4d0b07dbb8
If anybody knows about how to add the thin layer of EVA or somebody who sells it, please, leave a reply.
A great guide about how to disassemble the Note can be found in IFIXIT:
/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+Note+10.1+Teardown/10144/1
Sorry about the broken links. As I am new, the forum doesn't let me post them. Just add the root URL of the mentioned site

jedikalimero said:
I bought a very cheap Galaxy Note 10.1 with a cracked glass at eBay. At the same time I bought a replacement glass also at eBay.
When I received the tablet I noticed there was really no need to replace the glass since the crack was outside the viewing area and didn't affected at all visibility or touch.
Even so, I decided to change the glass because the tablet was white and the glass I ordered was black and I find it much better for watching movies and also the white border tends to darken the colours when using a paint program. (so now my tablet is unique: black in the front, white in the back
The Note is very easy to disassemble if you have the adequate tools for opening plastic cases. It is very modular so it is all a matter of removing connectors and taking pieces out. Finally you have the front case and the glass and here is the difficult thing because the glass is glued to the case so you have to apply heat with a heat gun on low or a hair dryer on high until the glue becomes soft and easy to separate. even so, I broke my old glass even more when trying to remove it. It may be Gorilla glass, very resistant to scratches, but it is thin as hell, very fragile.
Placing the new glass was much easier. It comes with glue and screen protectors on both sides.
My only concern was the original glass had a thin layer of dark grey EVA all around the screen that I suppose is for cushioning the gap between the glass and the LCD and the replacement glass didn't have it. But I haven't had any problem with the new glass and apparently, all the replacement glasses I've seen don't have this EVA layer. Tactile detection is perfect, just like the original.
Here is the link to the seller:
/itm/TOUCH-SCREEN-DIGITIZER-GLASS-SAMSUNG-GALAXY-NOTE-10-1-GT-N8000-N8010-N8013-/330897546168?pt=UK_Replacement_Parts_Tools&hash=item4d0b07dbb8
If anybody knows about how to add the thin layer of EVA or somebody who sells it, please, leave a reply.
A great guide about how to disassemble the Note can be found in IFIXIT:
/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+Note+10.1+Teardown/10144/1
Sorry about the broken links. As I am new, the forum doesn't let me post them. Just add the root URL of the mentioned site
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hey sorry i know this thread been dead for over a year but i just smashed my note 10.1 2012 glass and found some on online for ~15 bucks. The one i found is for Model gt-n8010 and mine is gt-n8013. My question is will the glass fit/work on my n8013 if the description says 8010. Thx in advance

VenpaCasa said:
Hey sorry i know this thread been dead for over a year but i just smashed my note 10.1 2012 glass and found some on online for ~15 bucks. The one i found is for Model gt-n8010 and mine is gt-n8013. My question is will the glass fit/work on my n8013 if the description says 8010. Thx in advance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes it should work fine. I just replaced mine and the description for the part said, for GT-N 8000 covering Gt-N 8010, 8013 etc. The part worked great.

VenpaCasa said:
Hey sorry i know this thread been dead for over a year but i just smashed my note 10.1 2012 glass and found some on online for ~15 bucks. The one i found is for Model gt-n8010 and mine is gt-n8013. My question is will the glass fit/work on my n8013 if the description says 8010. Thx in advance
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The same glass will work for models 8000, 8010 and 8013. The difference between them is the 3G connectivity so it doesn't affect the glass design (it could have not been necessarily the case, but it does. A good example of not taking anything for granted is the Galaxy S3 where the screen bezel is different from 3G to 4G version)

jedikalimero said:
The same glass will work for models 8000, 8010 and 8013. The difference between them is the 3G connectivity so it doesn't affect the glass design (it could have not been necessarily the case, but it does. A good example of not taking anything for granted is the Galaxy S3 where the screen bezel is different from 3G to 4G version)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here have a thumbs up! Do I need special tools is there a kit I can buy? I've done this before but on other devices and it was a while ago I just don't want to damage/scratch the body. It's only the screen that's shattered. If there is a kit can u point me in the right direction?
Sent from my SM-N900P using Xparent Skyblue Tapatalk 2

VenpaCasa said:
Here have a thumbs up! Do I need special tools is there a kit I can buy? I've done this before but on other devices and it was a while ago I just don't want to damage/scratch the body. It's only the screen that's shattered. If there is a kit can u point me in the right direction?
Sent from my SM-N900P using Xparent Skyblue Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In ifixit there is a very good tear-down of the Galaxy Note 10.1 where you can clearly see the process for opening the tablet and accessing the glass:
https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+Note+10.1+Teardown/10144
Basically you remove the silver piece where the camera is, then the back plate, and then you begin to remove components (battery, motherboard, speakers, cameras, docking port, audio jack, etc) until you have just the frame, the glass and the LCD. Then you have to break some plastic fasteners to get loose the metal frame and release the LCD. At that point you have the silver plastic bezel with the glass attached to it. Applying heat with a hair-dryer to loosen the glue, remove the broken glass and then apply the new one. Then follow the reverse process to get everything inside again.
You can test the tablet with just the glass, LCD, motherboard and battery to check the screen is working OK. Then disconnect the battery again and put back the rest of the components. Another check before closing the back plate and there you go.
As for tools, you will need a screwdriver for the screws, a guitar prick for the back plate and some flat plastic tool to release the internal connectors. You can see the tools in the pictures of the tear-down.
One last thing: make sure the glass you order includes the touch sensor. The glass alone is of no use (still there are people who sell it)

bezel
jedikalimero said:
In ifixit there is a very good tear-down of the Galaxy Note 10.1 where you can clearly see the process for opening the tablet and accessing the glass:
https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Samsung+Galaxy+Note+10.1+Teardown/10144
Basically you remove the silver piece where the camera is, then the back plate, and then you begin to remove components (battery, motherboard, speakers, cameras, docking port, audio jack, etc) until you have just the frame, the glass and the LCD. Then you have to break some plastic fasteners to get loose the metal frame and release the LCD. At that point you have the silver plastic bezel with the glass attached to it. Applying heat with a hair-dryer to loosen the glue, remove the broken glass and then apply the new one. Then follow the reverse process to get everything inside again.
You can test the tablet with just the glass, LCD, motherboard and battery to check the screen is working OK. Then disconnect the battery again and put back the rest of the components. Another check before closing the back plate and there you go.
As for tools, you will need a screwdriver for the screws, a guitar prick for the back plate and some flat plastic tool to release the internal connectors. You can see the tools in the pictures of the tear-down.
One last thing: make sure the glass you order includes the touch sensor. The glass alone is of no use (still there are people who sell it)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does anyone know where to find a front bezel? I did see the one from parts4all or whatever its called overseas with shipping as much as it costs and god knows when it would arrive- I cannot seem to find any.

Rear Camera Lens Protection

Any good ideas / products to protect the read lens? I always end up scratching them so then the camera is useless.
Tried cutting a small circle from the plastic that comes with the phone but it was rubbish.

paul211b said:
Any good ideas / products to protect the read lens? I always end up scratching them so then the camera is useless.
Tried cutting a small circle from the plastic that comes with the phone but it was rubbish.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The lenses are usually simple to replace. I know a lot of them just you tape/glue to stick them on and can by pried off and replaced. I did it on an S4 I bought that was abused. You're only option for protection would be a screen protector cut up, but I can't imagine it holding up for more than a few days if you are able to f up the glass lens so easily.

paul211b said:
Any good ideas / products to protect the read lens? I always end up scratching them so then the camera is useless.
Tried cutting a small circle from the plastic that comes with the phone but it was rubbish.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I got a whole bunch of various sized lense protectors when I bought my Nilkin glass screen protector off ebay. Enough to cover the lense and flash along with various sized spares.

ponts said:
I got a whole bunch of various sized lense protectors when I bought my Nilkin glass screen protector off ebay. Enough to cover the lense and flash along with various sized spares.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You cut the tempered glass?
Sent from my One using XDA Premium 4 mobile app

is the lens quartz or glass? apple uses quartz and its pretty unscratchable.

Exactly 4.6" Tempered Glass

Hi there,
I wonder has anyone seen an a screen protector that covers ONLY the screen of the z3 compact (z5 also compatible).
I'm looking for something to go with my ToastMade front panel which covers everything but the screen.
Its rather thick (I think about 0.3mm) so the off-screen gestures are quite a hassle.

Sydrox said:
Hi there,
I wonder has anyone seen an a screen protector that covers ONLY the screen of the z3 compact (z5 also compatible).
I'm looking for something to go with my ToastMade front panel which covers everything but the screen.
Its rather thick (I think about 0.3mm) so the off-screen gestures are quite a hassle.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm using Nillkin Amazing 9H tempered glass.. search google for more info :highfive:

ovan febriawan said:
I'm using Nillkin Amazing 9H tempered glass.. search google for more info :highfive:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know about Nillkin, their protectors are rather nice, but thats not what I'm looking for.
I want to cover the SCREEN ONLY, not the entire front like Nilikin and the other screen protectors do.

I don't know of any glass protectors like this, but when you buy a skin with a front piece from Dbrand, they include a plastic screen protector (two, actually) that's cut to the size of the screen so it fits within the frame of their front skin.
It obviously won't be as thick as glass, but it might possibly help you out just enough with the screen edge gestures and I know it's a little convoluted to buy a whole $10 skin just to get a screen protector, but I figured it might help if you get desperate And at least, you'd be getting two of them for your money.

Back tempered glass screen protector

Anyone using one? I can't seem to find any

Probably there are none, but you should try the screenprotector 'pack' of nilliken. They provide a regular screenprotector for the back and a tempered one for the screen.

They are available, especially from China (ebay/aliexpress). I have ordered a Nillkin pack, comes with front glass, rear film and camera film (+ the cleaning accessories). The thing with back glass covers is that they may impair cases-hence I avoid them.

Yeah I can only find rear films but no glass for the back

Afaik, MK makes them along with front glass. https://folie-ochronne.3mk.pl/pl/p/OnePlus-X-One-1003-Przod-i-Tyl-3mk-ARC/14691

SpiritBreak3r said:
Afaik, MK makes them along with front glass. https://folie-ochronne.3mk.pl/pl/p/OnePlus-X-One-1003-Przod-i-Tyl-3mk-ARC/14691
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have had those and that is bad idea right now. That foils is very soft and flexible and you can easly peel it off by accident. Wait till next year, they told me that they will improve them and they will send me another one (first one does not stick at edges so well). Then i will reply and tell you if its worth or not. After 07.01.2016

Anyone found any rear glass protectors? Bored of using a case...

Instead of back tempered glass, one alternative is skin

Help! Cracked glass on my 7 day old phone :(

So I cracked my front glass under the bottom speaker exactly on the 8th day of owning my new pixel 2 xl :crying:
Thought about selling it as is but I would lose so much money also a screen replacement will set me back at least $200 without labor (Plus it's not available in my country)
I tried to look for a full coverage tempered glass screen protector that would cover this part (in black) but all the tempered glass screen protectors I could find do not cover the glass under the speaker
Last option I found was applying a Dbrand skin on the phone including the front glass that would cover that crack up but I have a few questions:
1. Would the Dbrand skin stick to the cracked part (there small missing pieces of glass that have fallen out)
2. Would removing the Dbrand front glass skin remove more glass from my phone
3. I thought about applying some transparent nail polish to the cracked part so it would hold the glass together so when I take off the skin the glass doesn't come out, good idea or stupid?
4. Should I apply the front Dbrand skin on top of a tempered glass screen protector (I read that it works) or should I apply it directly on the screen better?
I've attached 2 pictures of the cracked part so you can take a look
I really would appreciate all the help I can get as I am currently heartbroken for my new phone

Sab3elbromba said:
So I cracked my front glass under the bottom speaker exactly on the 8th day of owning my new pixel 2 xl :crying:
Thought about selling it as is but I would lose so much money also a screen replacement will set me back at least $200 without labor (Plus it's not available in my country)
I tried to look for a full coverage tempered glass screen protector that would cover this part (in black) but all the tempered glass screen protectors I could find do not cover the glass under the speaker
Last option I found was applying a Dbrand skin on the phone including the front glass that would cover that crack up but I have a few questions:
1. Would the Dbrand skin stick to the cracked part (there small missing pieces of glass that have fallen out)
2. Would removing the Dbrand front glass skin remove more glass from my phone
3. I thought about applying some transparent nail polish to the cracked part so it would hold the glass together so when I take off the skin the glass doesn't come out, good idea or stupid?
4. Should I apply the front Dbrand skin on top of a tempered glass screen protector (I read that it works) or should I apply it directly on the screen better?
I've attached 2 pictures of the cracked part so you can take a look
I really would appreciate all the help I can get as I am currently heartbroken for my new phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you do not find a practical Dbrand solution, you could use a tiny pinpoint application of clear resin on the cracks to even things out.
Sad for this to happen.....

Sab3elbromba said:
So I cracked my front glass under the bottom speaker exactly on the 8th day of owning my new pixel 2 xl :crying:
Thought about selling it as is but I would lose so much money also a screen replacement will set me back at least $200 without labor (Plus it's not available in my country)
I tried to look for a full coverage tempered glass screen protector that would cover this part (in black) but all the tempered glass screen protectors I could find do not cover the glass under the speaker
Last option I found was applying a Dbrand skin on the phone including the front glass that would cover that crack up but I have a few questions:
1. Would the Dbrand skin stick to the cracked part (there small missing pieces of glass that have fallen out)
2. Would removing the Dbrand front glass skin remove more glass from my phone
3. I thought about applying some transparent nail polish to the cracked part so it would hold the glass together so when I take off the skin the glass doesn't come out, good idea or stupid?
4. Should I apply the front Dbrand skin on top of a tempered glass screen protector (I read that it works) or should I apply it directly on the screen better?
I've attached 2 pictures of the cracked part so you can take a look
I really would appreciate all the help I can get as I am currently heartbroken for my new phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try invisishield, loca based screen protector
https://forum.xda-developers.com/pi...visshield-true-fit-adhesive-tempered-t3725161

siggey said:
Try invisishield, loca based screen protector
https://forum.xda-developers.com/pi...visshield-true-fit-adhesive-tempered-t3725161
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Doesn't cover the glass piece under the bottom speaker which is where the crack is

Sab3elbromba said:
Doesn't cover the glass piece under the bottom speaker which is where the crack is
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes but you can use the local glue to stop the crack and also provide protection to the glass

siggey said:
Yes but you can use the local glue to stop the crack and also provide protection to the glass
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I think a Dbrand skin would probably be best specially that it will cover up the crack completely for protection and so I don't see it and weep every time I pickup my phone
However covering the crack with Glue (I thought about transparent nail polish) is a good idea so when the skin comes off it doesn't take any more glass with it, do you have any ideas what I can use on the crack before applying the Dbrand skin?

UV loca glue...
The automatic correction transform it to local...

siggey said:
Yes but you can use the local glue to stop the crack and also provide protection to the glass
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
siggey said:
UV loca glue...
The automatic correction transform it to local...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That's a great idea, I will give it a shot. Thanks!

michaelbsheldon said:
If you do not find a practical Dbrand solution, you could use a tiny pinpoint application of clear resin on the cracks to even things out.
Sad for this to happen.....
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What kind of resin should I use? I say this because I bought my Pixel 2 XL used for $300 and it has almost the same crack as the OP's pixel, but just on a much larger scale.
Here's the photo.
Could anyone give some advice on how to fill that patch up, as I don't really think that any kind of screen protector nor skin would ever help! Thanks a lot!
P.S.: the crack doesn't come up even a bit to the screen, so the POLED is safe and sound under the glass, but still, I hate that dust and water can get in so easily.
Plus, I had my Pixel for 3 months now, and the crack didn't make shards of glass fall out and the phone works flawlessly, apart from the Lost IP67 water & dust resistant rating.

MrMagicPotato said:
What kind of resin should I use? I say this because I bought my Pixel 2 XL used for $300 and it has almost the same crack as the OP's pixel, but just on a much larger scale.
Here's the photo.
Could anyone give some advice on how to fill that patch up, as I don't really think that any kind of screen protector nor skin would ever help! Thanks a lot!
P.S.: the crack doesn't come up even a bit to the screen, so the POLED is safe and sound under the glass, but still, I hate that dust and water can get in so easily.
Plus, I had my Pixel for 3 months now, and the crack didn't make shards of glass fall out and the phone works flawlessly, apart from the Lost IP67 water & dust resistant rating.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Clear jeweler's resin like this should work good: https://www.amazon.com/Environmental-Technology-02004-EnviroTex-Jewelry/dp/B007PZW60U The kind that mixes 2 clear liquids- resin and catalyst - will cure as hard as stone and stay clear.

MrMagicPotato said:
What kind of resin should I use? I say this because I bought my Pixel 2 XL used for $300 and it has almost the same crack as the OP's pixel, but just on a much larger scale.
Here's the photo.
Could anyone give some advice on how to fill that patch up, as I don't really think that any kind of screen protector nor skin would ever help! Thanks a lot!
P.S.: the crack doesn't come up even a bit to the screen, so the POLED is safe and sound under the glass, but still, I hate that dust and water can get in so easily.
Plus, I had my Pixel for 3 months now, and the crack didn't make shards of glass fall out and the phone works flawlessly, apart from the Lost IP67 water & dust resistant rating.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In my case I intend to cover up the crack with a Dbrand skin on the glass, my worry is that the glass will come out when I take the skin off so I just wanted something to hold it together, if this your case too then I suggest you try what I will in couple of days: Sugru
I tweeted my problem to ifixit and they were kind enough to reply with the suggestion to use sugru to hold the glass together : https://twitter.com/Sab3elbromba/status/1028976749873430528
When I did a little googling I found this: https://lifehacker.com/patch-your-broken-smartphone-screen-with-sugru-1440578257
It's not the prettiest thing in the world but I don't care as I will cover it up with a Dbrand skin anyways
I hope that was helpful and sorry for what happened

Sab3elbromba said:
So I cracked my front glass under the bottom speaker exactly on the 8th day of owning my new pixel 2 xl :crying:
Thought about selling it as is but I would lose so much money also a screen replacement will set me back at least $200 without labor (Plus it's not available in my country)
I tried to look for a full coverage tempered glass screen protector that would cover this part (in black) but all the tempered glass screen protectors I could find do not cover the glass under the speaker
Last option I found was applying a Dbrand skin on the phone including the front glass that would cover that crack up but I have a few questions:
1. Would the Dbrand skin stick to the cracked part (there small missing pieces of glass that have fallen out)
2. Would removing the Dbrand front glass skin remove more glass from my phone
3. I thought about applying some transparent nail polish to the cracked part so it would hold the glass together so when I take off the skin the glass doesn't come out, good idea or stupid?
4. Should I apply the front Dbrand skin on top of a tempered glass screen protector (I read that it works) or should I apply it directly on the screen better?
I've attached 2 pictures of the cracked part so you can take a look
I really would appreciate all the help I can get as I am currently heartbroken for my new phone
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Use a CAR WINDSHIELD REPAIR KIT. It should be able to make that chip nearly invisible, and will also hold the glass together so it doesn't get any worse.

if you bought it with a credit card, it probably has accidental damage protection for the first 30 or 90 days

96carboard said:
Use a CAR WINDSHIELD REPAIR KIT. It should be able to make that chip nearly invisible, and will also hold the glass together so it doesn't get any worse.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How about LOCA Glue? (LOCA stands for liquid optically clear adhesive)
It is used by most manufacturerers for their smartphones screens, to attach the glass to the lower OLED stratum specifically because it's completely invisible as the name implies.
I fear that the car windshield repair kit is going to disrupt the screen and penetrate too deep with the pressure applied to fill cracks. How do you feel about it?
Could you give me some pieces of advice for using it the best way? Thanks a lot for the support! @Sab3elbromba @96carboard

Yeah cracked the top of mine yesterday. Stubborn me wasn't using a case. I'm gonna save up and just get it replaced. Was thinking about getting a Pixel 3 this year...guess not.

Not saying this is the right thing to do or that it will 100% work but, it for for sure a possibility.
1. Burn in the screen and RMA claiming a screen burn in.
2. Make something look defective and RMA it
3. Replace the screen yourself
Not suggesting any of these just listing options.

MitchellArtz said:
Not saying this is the right thing to do or that it will 100% work but, it for for sure a possibility.
1. Burn in the screen and RMA claiming a screen burn in.
2. Make something look defective and RMA it
3. Replace the screen yourself
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
1.fraud
2.fraud
3.good idea about 140 bucks or so
4.if in the USA ubreakifix will repair it for 219.99 and you will still have a warranty.

fiffan86 said:
1.fraud
2.fraud
3.good idea about 140 bucks or so
4.if in the USA ubreakifix will repair it for 219.99 and you will still have a warranty.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I wasn't suggesting 1 and 2. I was just listing options

I'm really disappointed in the fragility of the glass around the speaker grilles. My cousin dropped his Pixel 2 XL with a Speck Presidio Grip case on, landing back first, and the glass around the top speaker cracked and spread a bit to the screen; even a chunk of glass fell out. From drop tests online, this area appears to break very easily. Why can't Samsung make Pixels? When comparing the Note 8 and Pixel 2 XL side by side, the screen on the 2 XL feels hollow and less reinforced. Google really should do what Motorola used to and offer one free replacement for accidental breakage.

Guyinlaca said:
I'm really disappointed in the fragility of the glass around the speaker grilles. My cousin dropped his Pixel 2 XL with a Speck Presidio Grip case on, landing back first, and the glass around the top speaker cracked and spread a bit to the screen; even a chunk of glass fell out. From drop tests online, this area appears to break very easily. Why can't Samsung make Pixels? When comparing the Note 8 and Pixel 2 XL side by side, the screen on the 2 XL feels hollow and less reinforced. Google really should do what Motorola used to and offer one free replacement for accidental breakage.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Samsung is in direct competition with Google.
Just imagine if Samsung hardware got optimized directly by Google software. Wow. A Note 9 running pure Google's made Android. A dream.