TUTORIAL - EVERYTHING ABOUT ADB - Fully Illustrated
{
"lightbox_close": "Close",
"lightbox_next": "Next",
"lightbox_previous": "Previous",
"lightbox_error": "The requested content cannot be loaded. Please try again later.",
"lightbox_start_slideshow": "Start slideshow",
"lightbox_stop_slideshow": "Stop slideshow",
"lightbox_full_screen": "Full screen",
"lightbox_thumbnails": "Thumbnails",
"lightbox_download": "Download",
"lightbox_share": "Share",
"lightbox_zoom": "Zoom",
"lightbox_new_window": "New window",
"lightbox_toggle_sidebar": "Toggle sidebar"
}
This will be part of a series of Tutorials compiled to better educate the Beginner-Intermediate users in XDA thread, and help them get rid of the "n00b" or "newbie" tag thrown at them!
1. WHAT IS ADB?
ADB or Android Debug Bridge is a command line program which is used to communicate with your Android phone (or an emulator used by programmers). The use of Adb for Android phone users ranges from using it as a tool to get the logcat- A realtime log of the Android system, which allows one to know the cause of any errors. It is very helpful to app hackers to know exctly what block of code does what, and to modify apps accordingly
2. HOW TO USE ADB - Running adb.exe
adb.exe is part of a package of tools called Android SDK or Software Development Kit. For users, the main applications useful for them are adb.exe, fastboot.exe and aapt.exe.
2.1 Installing adb.exe (Windows)
First, download the Android SDK package(exe file) from here The installer will prompt you to download and install the JDK (Java Development Kit) if you dont have it already installed
Next install the exe file and note the location where you install it to.
After install is over, use Windows explorer and navigate to the folder where you installed the SDK.
Double-click the SDK Manager.exe/SDK Setup.exe file at the root of the Android SDK directory.
This will open up the SDK Installation window, where you can choose from a list of packages to install
If you want to use only adb.exe and fastboot.exe, choose to install only the "Android SDK Tools" from the list (See fig 1 below)
That's it, adb.exe is now installed
Fig1:
Take a note of where you install it. It usually installs to a folder named Android-sdk-windows. Once you have it installed, you can copy the entire folder on a portable usb key/CD and use it on any other PC without a need to install it. I recommend that you make it a part of your Android CD (with rooting tools, unrooting tools, gold card etc).
2.2 Using adb.exe-Preparing your PC for running adb.exe quickly
Adding Adb to your Windows Path
Once installed, you should add the location of adb.exe to the* Windows Environment Path variable. To do that, go the subfolder of Android-sdk-windows where adb.exe can be found. Click on the Windows Explorer path displayed on Top, and copy the path to the Clipboard
Go to Start Menu, and Right click Computer, Choose Properties
Choose Advanced System Settings and then Environment variables
Now, add the Location you copied to the Clipboard earlier, to the end of the current path, after adding a ";"(without the quotes) to the end of the current path.
So, in my case, the current path shows:
c:\droidzone\windows; c:\droidzone\blahblah
It now becomes:
c:\droidzone\windows; c:\droidzone\blahblah;C:\Software\Phone\android-sdk-windows\tools
Hit Enter to everything.
From now, whenever you open a Command prompt in Windows, you will be able to execute Adb and Fastboot from there without needing to navigate to the folder where they are installed.
Next step: Elementary Adb commands
Don't forget to Hit the Thanks button to let me know that my posts helped you!
Elementary Adb commands
Ok, now that you've got adb all setup and prepared your computer to use it, you're ready to learn some basic adb commands. I'll be teaching some of them in this section.
Understanding how adb and the shell works
Let's first check if adb is working by asking it to communicate with our phone. Connect the phone with a usb cable to the PC. Note that you should have installed the HTC drivers already (They come with HTC Sync)
From your Windows Start Menu, Click on Run, then type the following and press enter. That should open a command shell:
Code:
cmd
Once there, type out the following:
Code:
adb devices
This will display a list showing the connected phones with their serial numbers (and emulators-But let us not worry about what these are, right now)
Great, now we have confirmation that adb is working! We're now ready to issue our basic commands.
First thing to note is the basic command to enter the Android custom linux shell. Like Windows has cmd.exe to enter the dos shell, the graphical eyecandy with Sense overlay that you see on your device has a custom linux kernel running, so basically the language of its shell is the Linux shell language.
Accessing the Linux terminal (adb shell) is what we do to issue commands. To enter the shell of our device, the basic command is:
Code:
adb shell
Immediately, you will get a prompt like this:
Code:
sh-3.2#
Now we can type out any (most) linux commands and these will be executed in our device.
The file system on Android is laid out over MTD partitions in your device's NAND (Internal memory), and the SD card. The Nand is strictly organized in a Linux system with Linux file permissions and ownership rights (Just know that these exist, for now)
So, right now, you will be dropped in the "root" of the filesystem, from where you can navigate to other places.
Note! An important difference between Linux and Windows is that while Windows uses the Backslash (\), Linux/Android uses the forward slash (/) to depict directory hierarchies. Another one you shouldnt forget is that in Linux/Android, a file named boot.img is different from Boot.img, BOOT.IMG and BoOt.img, while on Windows, they are all the same.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My tutorial is about adb commands, and not linux, so I'll give only a short summary of elementary linux commands below. I will expand the list and explanation for this at a later date if you require it:
pwd-Shows the current working directory
cp-copy a file
mv-move a file (copy a file and then delete the original file)
chmod-set file permissions
chown-set file ownerships
rm-delete a file
cd-change directory
rmdir-delete a directory
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Elementary Adb commands
Installing applications with adb
You can install any apk from your PC to the phone very easily. Open a cmd shell, and then type in:
Code:
adb install
followed by a space. Now drag an apk file in Windows explorer to the shell we have opened. Immediately, the path of the file becomes inserted in our prompt that it becomes:
Code:
adb install C:\Desktop\TitaniumBackup.apk
assuming that the file TitaniumBackup.apk was present in the location C:\Desktop. Hit enter and you will notice that it gets installed.
Transferring files to the sdcard without connecting the device as Disk drive:
Code:
adb push C:\Desktop\TitaniumBackup.apk /sdcard/
will trasfer the file C:\Desktop\TitaniumBackup.apk to the root (main) directory of your sdcard. Likewise, you can transfer any file from the PC to any location on your device.
Eg: I want to transfer a file called wallpaper.zip to a location /data/local. The command would be:
Code:
adb push C:\Desktop\wallpaper.zip /data/local/
Contd..
Don't forget to Hit the Thanks button to let me know that my posts helped you!
More elementary adb commands:
Getting a file from your phone to your PC:
To get a file /system/etc/init.d/01data to your PC, you would type out the following:
Code:
adb pull /system/etc/init.d/01data
which will transfer the spcified file to the location on your pc where you have opened the cmd.exe shell.
Mounting the system partition as Read Write to transfer files to your /system partition:
Method 1:
Code:
adb remount
Method 2:
This can also be accomplished with the more advanced mount command in the adb shell. First we need to know the mount point of the partitions.
Type:
Code:
adb shell
mount
For me, it displays:
Code:
rootfs / rootfs rw,relatime 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,mode=600 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
/sys/kernel/debug /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw,relatime 0 0
none /acct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/asec tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/obb tmpfs rw,relatime,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
tmpfs /app-cache tmpfs rw,relatime,size=8192k,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
none /dev/cpuctl cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0
[B]/dev/block/mtdblock3 /system yaffs2 ro,relatime 0 0[/B]
/dev/block/mtdblock4 /cache yaffs2 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0
/dev/block/mtdblock5 /system/data yaffs2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,nodiratime 0 0
/dev/block/mmcblk0p2 /data ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,commit=50,bar
rier=0,stripe=64,data=ordered,noauto_da_alloc 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:1 /mnt/sdcard vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,u
id=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,iocharset
=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:1 /mnt/secure/asec vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relat
ime,uid=1000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,ioch
arset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/sdcard/.android_secure tmpfs ro,relatime,size=0k,mode=000 0 0
sh-3.2#
Note that the entry for system partition shows:
/dev/block/mtdblock3 /system yaffs2 ro,relatime 0 0
The ro means that /system is mounted as RO-i.e Read Only. The whole line means that the Nand MTD block device on /dev/block/mtdblock3 is mounted on the mount point /system, to use technical jargon.
We need to mount it as RW (Read Write)
The command is:
Code:
mount -o rw,remount /dev/block/mtdblock3 /system
This essentially mounts the /system as Read Write so that you can write to it (Normally you cant write to the /system partition), which is what "adb remount " also does. However the commands above can be executed from a Terminal Emulator application too.
Next: Getting an Adb logcat
Don't forget to Hit the Thanks button to let me know that my posts helped you!
Getting an adb logcat
Many a time, you might have heard people telling you to get a logcat to report your error with a Rom installation.
What is a logcat?
A logcat is a report from the Android logging system, which takes place in the background the whole time your phone is on. It starts the moment you switch on the phone, and continues till you shut it down completely. This log is extremely useful for finding out what went wrong with your system. It is useful to find out why your phone is having bootloops or force closes. It is infact useful for all errors!
How to get the logcat?
Basically, you can view the logcat log with the following command:
Code:
adb logcat
But that means getting overwhelmed by an endless haze of output flowing at a rate that you cant read and will overwhelm your command shell's capacity very soon.
So the system we normally use is to output the log to a file from which we can read later. This is done by the following command:
Code:
adb logcat > log.txt
My Technique
As a Rom developer and apk patcher, I have to constantly check for errors in my system. So I've devised an ingenous method to easily log logcat, and view them readily. I use a combo of commands executed in succession:
Code:
adb kill-server
echo "" > log.txt
start log.txt
adb logcat > log.txt
These commands essentially create a blank file named log.txt in the same path as the command shell you've opened. Then, it opens the file log.txt (which is blank at this point of time. Then it logs logcat output to that file. Once you refresh the opened file, it will show the output of logcat to this point of time. Refresh it once again, and it updates once more. You should install Notepad++ and associate .txt files with it, to get best results.
Instead of executing these four commands, you can download the batch file getlog.cmd and extract it from the zip file to the folder containing adb.exe. Once you type in the following command (from anywhere in Windows), you will achieve the same result as typing the four commands as above! Ingenious, eh?
Don't forget to Hit the Thanks button to let me know that my posts helped you!
Summary of other adb commands
The following is the partial list of commands supported by adb. You can obtain this list by the following command:
Code:
adb /?
Code:
C:\Users>adb /?
Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.26
-d - directs command to the only connected USB devic
e
returns an error if more than one USB device is
present.
-e - directs command to the only running emulator.
returns an error if more than one emulator is r
unning.
-s <serial number> - directs command to the USB device or emulator w
ith
the given serial number. Overrides ANDROID_SERI
AL
environment variable.
-p <product name or path> - simple product name like 'sooner', or
a relative/absolute path to a product
out directory like 'out/target/product/sooner'.
If -p is not specified, the ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT
environment variable is used, which must
be an absolute path.
devices - list all connected devices
connect <host>:<port> - connect to a device via TCP/IP
disconnect <host>:<port> - disconnect from a TCP/IP device
device commands:
adb push <local> <remote> - copy file/dir to device
adb pull <remote> [<local>] - copy file/dir from device
adb sync [ <directory> ] - copy host->device only if changed
(see 'adb help all')
adb shell - run remote shell interactively
adb shell <command> - run remote shell command
adb emu <command> - run emulator console command
adb logcat [ <filter-spec> ] - View device log
adb forward <local> <remote> - forward socket connections
forward specs are one of:
tcp:<port>
localabstract:<unix domain socket name>
localreserved:<unix domain socket name>
localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>
dev:<character device name>
jdwp:<process pid> (remote only)
adb jdwp - list PIDs of processes hosting a JDWP transport
adb install [-l] [-r] [-s] <file> - push this package file to the device and i
nstall it
('-l' means forward-lock the app)
('-r' means reinstall the app, keeping its data
)
('-s' means install on SD card instead of inter
nal storage)
adb uninstall [-k] <package> - remove this app package from the device
('-k' means keep the data and cache directories
)
adb bugreport - return all information from the device
that should be included in a bug report.
adb help - show this help message
adb version - show version num
DATAOPTS:
(no option) - don't touch the data partition
-w - wipe the data partition
-d - flash the data partition
scripting:
adb wait-for-device - block until device is online
adb start-server - ensure that there is a server running
adb kill-server - kill the server if it is running
adb get-state - prints: offline | bootloader | device
adb get-serialno - prints: <serial-number>
adb status-window - continuously print device status for a specifie
d device
adb remount - remounts the /system partition on the device re
ad-write
adb reboot [bootloader|recovery] - reboots the device, optionally into the boo
tloader or recovery program
adb reboot-bootloader - reboots the device into the bootloader
adb root - restarts the adbd daemon with root permissions
adb usb - restarts the adbd daemon listening on USB
adb tcpip <port> - restarts the adbd daemon listening on TCP on th
e specified port
networking:
adb ppp <tty> [parameters] - Run PPP over USB.
Note: you should not automatically start a PPP connection.
<tty> refers to the tty for PPP stream. Eg. dev:/dev/omap_csmi_tty1
[parameters] - Eg. defaultroute debug dump local notty usepeerdns
adb sync notes: adb sync [ <directory> ]
<localdir> can be interpreted in several ways:
- If <directory> is not specified, both /system and /data partitions will be u
pdated.
- If it is "system" or "data", only the corresponding partition
is updated.
I will add notes for these if you require them.
See the next post for Kernel errors..
How to get Kernel error messages
You can get debug messages from a running kernel with:
Code:
adb shell
dmesg
If you have reboots due to kernel panic, you should make users capture the last_kmsg log from /proc immediately on the reboot.
Note that dmesg can be disabled by the kernel maintainer, and hence some roms/kernels may not support the command.
Code:
adb shell
cat /proc/last_kmsg > /sdcard/last_kmsg
Should be done immediately after the reboot..Otherwise it will just get overwritten by newer kernel message.
So in brief, if you'd like to look at what the kernel is doing right now (any errors etc), you should use dmesg. If you want to know why your kernel rebooted, use the file proc/last_kmsg
It's extremely useful!
Don't forget to Hit the Thanks button to let me know that my posts helped you!
Guys, part of the tutorial is over.. Hope it is helpful. Will add more useful and advanced stuff later.. Hope it helps the newbies and some more seasoned users.
Feel free to ask any doubt that you think is silly, without fear of being ridiculed or being asked to search the thread! It should be related to adb though!
Impressive tutorial. You'll get my thanks when im back at my home pc
Sent from my HTC Desire S using XDA App
Nice tutorial bro. shoud be on dev section...???
coolexe said:
Nice tutorial bro. shoud be on dev section...???
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks bro.. I thought that might scare away newbies, plus since I havent done any actual development..
Droidzone said:
Thanks bro.. I thought that might scare away newbies, plus since I havent done any actual development..
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hi,
there is lots of thread in dev. section which doesn't belong to development...anyway nice tutorial for noobs...if possible add QtADB tool...
EDIT: Added to my threads
Will add a GUI section. Good tip.. It's a very useful tool
Hi there.
Well this is a nice tut for android newbies like me
can you also add a basic symlinking tut? (especially how to symlink a folder to an already existing symlink )
thanks!
jesseuy said:
Hi there.
Well this is a nice tut for android newbies like me
can you also add a basic symlinking tut? (especially how to symlink a folder to an already existing symlink )
thanks!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Does this answer your query?
From http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/SDK_sysprog/_Using_Symbolic_Links.html
Code:
[B]Creating symbolic links[/B]
To create a symbolic link, the new system call [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/symlink.2.html"]symlink(2)[/URL] is used and the owner must have write permission in the directory where the link will reside. The file is created with the user's user-id and group-id but these are subsequently ignored. The mode of the file is created as 0777.
CAUTION: No checking is done when a symbolic link is created. There is nothing to stop a user from creating a symbolic link that refers to itself or to an ancestor of itself or several links that loop around among themselves. Therefore, when evaluating a pathname, it is important to put a limit on the number of symbolic links that may be encountered in case the evaluation encounters a loop. The variable MAXSYMLINKS is used to force the error ELOOP after MAXSYMLINKS symbolic links have been encountered. The value of MAXSYMLINKS should be at least 20.
To create a symbolic link, the ln command is used with the -s option (see [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/ln.1.html"]ln(1)[/URL]). If the -s option is not used and a user tries to create a link to a file on another file system, a symbolic link will not be created and the command will fail.
The syntax for creating symbolic links is as follows:
ln -s sourcefile1 [ sourcefile2 ... ] target With two arguments:
[LIST]
[*] sourcefile1 may be any pathname and need not exist.
[*] target may be an existing directory or a non-existent file.
[*] If target is an existing directory, a file is created in directory target whose name is the last component of sourcefile1 (`basename sourcefile1`). This file is a symbolic link that references sourcefile1.
[*] If target does not exist, a file with name target is created and it is a symbolic link that references sourcefile1.
[*] If target already exists and is not a directory, an error is returned.
[*] sourcefile1 and target may reside on different file systems.
[/LIST]
With more than two arguments:
[LIST]
[*] For each sourcefile, a file is created in target whose name is sourcefile or its last component (`basename sourcefile`) and is a symbolic link to sourcefile.
[*] If target is not an existing directory, an error is returned.
[*] Each sourcefile and target may reside on different file systems.
[/LIST]
[B]Examples[/B]
The following examples show how symbolic links may be created.
ln -s /usr/src/uts/sys /usr/include/sys In this example /usr/include is an existing directory. But file sys does not exist so it will be created as a symbolic link that refers to /usr/src/uts/sys. The result is that when file /usr/include/sys/x is accessed, the file /usr/src/uts/sys/x will actually be accessed. This kind of symbolic link may be used when files exist in the directory /usr/src/uts/sys but programs often refer to files in /usr/include/sys. Rather than creating corresponding files in /usr/include/sys that are hard links to files in /usr/src/uts/sys, one symbolic link can be used to link the two directories. In this example /usr/include/sys becomes a symbolic link that links the former /usr/include/sys directory to the /usr/src/uts/sys directory.
ln -s /etc/group . In this example the target is a directory (the current directory), so a file called group (`basename /etc/group`) is created in the current directory that is a symbolic link to /etc/group. ln -s /fs1/jan/abc /var/spool/abc In this example we imagine that /fs1/jan/abc does not exist at the time the command is issued. Nevertheless, the file /var/spool/abc is created as a symbolic link to /fs1/jan/abc. Later, /fs1/jan/abc may be created as a directory, regular file, or any other file type. The following example illustrates the use of more than two arguments:
ln -s /etc/group /etc/passwd . The user would like to have the group and passwd files in the current directory but cannot use hard links because /etc is a different file system. When more than two arguments are used, the last argument must be a directory; here it is the current directory. Two files, group and passwd, are created in the current directory, each a symbolic link to the associated file in /etc. [B]Removing symbolic links[/B]
Normally, when accessing a symbolic link, one follows the link and actually accesses the referenced file. However, this is not the case when one attempts to remove a symbolic link. When the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/rm.1.html"]rm(1)[/URL] command is executed and the argument is a symbolic link, it is the symbolic link that is removed; the referenced file is not touched.
[B]Accessing symbolic links[/B]
Suppose abc is a symbolic link to file def. When a user accesses the symbolic link abc, it is the file permissions (ownership and access) of file def that are actually used; the permissions of abc are always ignored. If file def is not accessible (that is, either it does not exist or it exists but is not accessible to the user because of access permissions) and a user tries to access the symbolic link abc, the error message will refer to abc, not file def.
[B]Copying symbolic links[/B]
This section describes the behavior of the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/cp.1.html"]cp(1)[/URL] command when one or more arguments are symbolic links. With the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/cp.1.html"]cp(1)[/URL] command, if any argument is a symbolic link, that link is followed. Suppose the command line is
cp sym file3 where sym is a symbolic link that references a regular file test1 and file3 is a regular file. After execution of the command, file3 gets overwritten with the contents of the file test1. If the last argument is a symbolic link that references a directory, then files are copied to that directory. Suppose the command line is
cp file1 sym symd where file1 is a regular file, sym is a symbolic link that references a regular file test1, and symd is a symbolic link that references a directory DIR. After execution of the command, there will be two new files, DIR/file1 and DIR/sym that have the same contents as file1 and test1.
[B]Linking symbolic links[/B]
This section describes the behavior of the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/ln.1.html"]ln(1)[/URL] command when one or more arguments are symbolic links. To understand the difference in behavior between this and the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/cp.1.html"]cp(1)[/URL] command, it is useful to think of a copy operation as dealing with the contents of a file while the link operation deals with the name of a file.
Let us look at the case where the source argument to ln is a symbolic link. If the -s option is specified to ln, the command calls the symlink system call (see [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/symlink.2.html"]symlink(2)[/URL]). symlink does not follow the symbolic link specified by the source argument and creates a symbolic link to it. If -s is not specified, ln invokes the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/link.2.html"]link(2)[/URL] system call. link follows the symbolic link specified by the source argument and creates a hard link to the file referenced by the symbolic link.
For the target argument, ln invokes a stat system call (see [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/stat.2.html"]stat(2)[/URL]). If stat indicates that the target argument is a directory, the files are linked in that directory. Otherwise, if the target argument is an existing file, it is overwritten. This means that if the second argument is a symbolic link to a directory, it is followed, but if it is a symbolic link to a regular file, the symbolic link is overwritten.
For example, if the command line is
ln sym file1 where sym is a symbolic link that references a regular file foo, and file1 is a regular file, file1 is overwritten and hard-linked to foo. Thus a hard link to a regular file has been created.
If the command is
ln -s sym file1 where the files are the same as in first example, file1 is overwritten and becomes a symbolic link to sym. If the command is
ln file1 sym where the files are the same as in the first example, sym is overwritten and hard-linked to file1. When the last argument is a directory as in
ln file1 sym symd where symd is a symbolic link to a directory DIR, and file1 and sym are the same as in the first example, the file DIR/file1 is hard-linked to file1 and DIR/sym is hard-linked to foo. [B]Moving symbolic links[/B]
This section describes the behavior of the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/mv.1.html"]mv(1)[/URL] command. Like the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/ln.1.html"]ln(1)[/URL] command, [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/mv.1.html"]mv(1)[/URL] deals with file names rather than file contents. With two arguments, a user invokes the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/mv.1.html"]mv(1)[/URL] command to rename a file. Therefore, one would not want to follow the first argument if it is a symbolic link because it is the name of the file that is to be changed rather than the file contents. Suppose that sym is a symbolic link to /etc/passwd and abc is a regular file. If the command
mv sym abc is executed, the file sym is renamed abc and is still a symbolic link to /etc/passwd. If abc existed (as a regular file or a symbolic link to a regular file) before the command was executed, it is overwritten. Suppose the command is
mv sym1 file1 symd where sym1 is a symbolic link to a regular file foo, file1 is a regular file, and symd is a symbolic link that references a directory DIR. When the command is executed, the files sym1 and file1 are moved from the current directory to the DIR directory so that there are two new files, DIR/sym1, which is still a symbolic link to foo, and DIR/file1. In UnixWare, the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.1/mv.1.html"]mv(1)[/URL] command uses the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/rename.2.html"]rename(2)[/URL] system call. If the first argument to [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/rename.2.html"]rename(2)[/URL] is a symbolic link, [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/rename.2.html"]rename(2)[/URL] does not follow it; instead it renames the symbolic link itself. In System V prior to Release 4, a file was moved using the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/link.2.html"]link(2)[/URL] system call followed by the [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/unlink.2.html"]unlink(2)[/URL] system call. Since [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/link.2.html"]link(2)[/URL] and [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/unlink.2.html"]unlink(2)[/URL] do not follow symbolic links, the result of those two operations is the same as the result of a call to [URL="http://uw714doc.sco.com/en/man/html.2/rename.2.html"]rename(2)[/URL].
Thanks for adding the tut. Will be reading and will definitely try it out.
Thanks again!
Sent from my HTC Desire using XDA App
Thanks a lot for the tutorial. Basic stuff nicly explained. i tried the push method via adb to push a font into system/fonts directory still it says read only permission
C:\Users\Mayu>adb shell
# mount
mount
rootfs / rootfs ro 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs rw,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,mode=600 0 0
proc /proc proc rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw 0 0
none /acct cgroup rw,cpuacct 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/asec tmpfs rw,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/obb tmpfs rw,mode=755,gid=1000 0 0
none /dev/cpuctl cgroup rw,cpu 0 0
/dev/block/mtdblock0 /system yaffs2 rw 0 0
/dev/block/mtdblock1 /data yaffs2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0
/dev/block/mtdblock2 /cache yaffs2 rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:0 /mnt/sdcard vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,nodev,n
id=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp437,io
1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/block/vold/179:0 /mnt/secure/asec vfat rw,dirsync,nosuid,no
000,gid=1015,fmask=0702,dmask=0702,allow_utime=0020,codepage=cp4
8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 0
tmpfs /mnt/sdcard/.android_secure tmpfs ro,size=0k,mode=000 0 0
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
error mesg
C:\Users\Mayu>adb push E:\soft\Android\Indic\DroidSansFallback.ttf \system\fonts
failed to copy 'E:\soft\Android\Indic\DroidSansFallback.ttf' to '\system\fonts':
Read-only file system
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
PS: pull works like charm. please guide me if u hav time. Thanks.
DroidMayu said:
Thanks a lot for the tutorial. Basic stuff nicly explained. i tried the push method via adb to push a font into system/fonts directory still it says read only permission
error mesg
PS: pull works like charm. please guide me if u hav time. Thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup, on an s on system, even though system can be mounted as rewrite, writing isn't allowed. You have to execute the commands in recovery mode
Sent from my HTC Desire using XDA App
Great tutorial! Thanks for that, definitely noob friendly...
Have a question about the following,
DATAOPTS:
(no option) - don't touch the data partition
-w - wipe the data partition
-d - flash the data partition
I have the Samsung Galaxy S I9000 (not sure if that makes a difference) and if my screen breaks or i have some sort of hardware problem. After flashing the stock rom back on do i use the above commands to wipe the evidence of any programs that suggest the device was previously rooted. If so which one wipe or flash?
Thanks
Thank You!!!
Hey Droidzone,
I'm really in awe of you, and need to thank you for the amazing work you're doing here - at XDA.
I just can't find the thank you button on the forums.(I could be blind !!!)
Thanks a zillion!!!
Hello,
I am going to prensent you today how to install ubuntu on your android device. Some of you propably already tried ,and had problems
making it work (or not). I modified the tutorial to make it easier, and corrected things. I also modified some paths in the scripts so that it can work with
cm7, if you are not a cm7 user you can download the other scripts too.
I based myself on this tutorial:
http://androlinux.com/android-ubuntu-development/how-to-install-ubuntu-on-android/
So let's start !
First, download the following cm7-ubuntu.rar file (decompress and copy over the whole ubuntu directory to the exeternal SD card of your Android smartphone/tablet:
Download cm7-ubuntu.rar:
http://www.fileserve.com/file/KQWsbRG
If you are a miui user, download cm7-ubuntu.rar, and replace the scripts by these:
http://www.fileserve.com/file/Tu8WZP5
If you are a not a cm7 neither a miui user, download cm7-ubuntu.rar, and replace the scripts by these:
http://www.fileserve.com/file/tuVMB9h
1) Make sure your phone is rooted and that busybox installed (if you are on cm7 all is ok).
2) Download Terminal Emulator on the market. Open it and type “su” to enter super user mode, then type “cd /emmc” or "cd /sdcard/external_sd" if your are a miui user or "cd /sdcard" if you are not on cm7, and “cd ubuntu” to enter the ubuntu directory in your SD card of your Android device.
3) Next, type “sh ubuntu.sh” to run the script which will basically get your Ubuntu image ready to run on your Android smartphone/tablet.
If you get error messages, don’t worry and keep going.
4) Type “bootubuntu” to enter Ubuntu. (Next time you enter Ubuntu, you just need to type “bootubuntu” from your /emmc/ubuntu directory, no need to run ubuntu.sh again.
If you got “[email protected]” at this point, congratulations! This means your Android OS comes with loop device support and Ubuntu is now running “chrooted” on top of your Android OS!!!
However, if there is an error like : "losetup: /dev/block/loop2: No such file or directory", this propably means that app2sd is conflicting with your sdcard, so to solve that
move all your applications on your internal sdcard and try again. If this doesn't solve your problem, that means that your kernel doesn't support loop
devices in most of the case, try flashing other kernels.
If after that you still have problems post, and I will try to reply when I have time
5) How to Install Programs on your Ubuntu!
Once you’ve got Ubuntu running on your Android device, it’s time to install some Ubuntu packages(or programs).
Type “apt-get update” to update, this is the first thing you will need to do before installing any new programs.
6) How to Install OpenSSH-server on your Android Ubuntu!
Type “apt-get install openssh-server” to install OpenSSH-server. What is OpenSSH-server? If you want to connect to your Android Ubuntu via an IP address (and SSH into it), you will want to do this.
7) How to Install TightVNCServer on your Android Ubuntu!
If you want to access the GUI of your Android Ubuntu, you can install TightVNCServer, which allows you to access the Android Ubuntu via Android VNC app on your Android smartphone/tablet or even access it remotely from your desktop computer.
Type “apt-get install tightvncserver” to install.
8) How to Install LXDE!(optional)
Next, we will install LXDE (Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment). Although we can use Ubuntu’s default GNOME (and trust me I love that), LXDE takes up less memory so our GUI access will be faster.
If you like GNOME, you can skip this step though.
Type “apt-get install lxde”
How to setup xstartup file so that when TightVNCServer is started, the LXDE runs instead of GNOME:
Type:
export USER = root
vncserver
(here he will ask you for a password for vnc, then if you want a view-only password, this mean you connect to vnc and you cannot interact with ubuntu, say n if you don't want and y if you want)
cat > /root/.vnc/xstartup
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
icewm &
lxsession
Then press Volume-down&D togethe.
9) How fix language and start vnc at each boot:
Type:
touch /root/.bashrc
cat > /root/.bashrc
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export USER=root
rm /tmp/.X1-lock
rm /tmp/.X11-unix/X1
vncserver -geometry 1024x800 <== Here, you can change the resolution settings 1024×800 to the resolution of your liking. (Do not write that !)
Then again press Volume-down&D together.
10) Now we are going to reboot ubuntu to apply changes:
Reboot your phone, open Terminal Emulator again and type:
su
bootubuntu
Now your TightVNCServer is ready to accept any incoming connections from your phone or computer. Just point to the correct IP address and use port number 5901 to connect.
On your Android smartphone, just download the free app “Android-VNC-Viewer” and set the IP address to “127.0.0.1″ , port number 5901 and insert the password you set before in password.
Then enjoy !
SHUT DOWN UBUNTU: Sorry you have to reboot the phone, if you try to boot other ubuntu your phone will start to lag
Extra:
If you want more space to install programs & stuff, you can extend your user space without loosing your data.
Requirements:
Linux (you can make a live CD) or just an environment like cygwin for windows
Procedure:
1. UnZip Android or your present ubuntu.img file to your Home Folder. Or a folder of your liking (or even on your memory card!), just remember to cd before you do the following:
2. Open Terminal and Copy&Paste (Ctrl+C, Ctrl+Shift+V) this:
Code:
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=XXX >> ubuntu.img
where XXX is the amount, in MB, by which data.img should be increased by.
My filesize started out as 256MB and I wanted a total of 512MB. That would mean I needed a extra 256MB, so I executed this:
Code:
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=256 >> ubuntu.img
3. Run a file system check and file system resizer
Code:
e2fsck -f ubuntu.img
resize2fs ubuntu.img
e2fsck -f ubuntu.img
if prompted, press "y" for "yes"
4. Copy all of the Android files onto your SD card, put it into your phone...
Source: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=737826
Sorry for my bad english
If you liked this thread, don't forget there is a Thanks button !
I have a problem with miui chamaleon rc2 . after i type bootubuntu i cant get [email protected] . im thinking that talonmtd dont support loopdevice but i have tried also with plapytus with no luck . you know i kernel with loop support for my rom ?
thanks
Do you have adb ?
MIU is based on cm7, you should have loop support...
do you have the error losetup : /dev/block/loop2: No such file or directory ?
im restarting device and i will copy all the commands . one moment
edit : i get this :
# sh ubuntu.sh
sh ubuntu.sh
modprobe: chdir(/lib/modules): No such file or directory
←[H←[Jmkdir: can't create directory '/data/local/mnt': File exists
←[H←[Jcd: can't cd to /emmc/ubuntu
chmod: bootubuntu: Operation not permitted
chmod: fsrw: Operation not permitted
chmod: mountonly: Operation not permitted
chmod: ubuntu.img: Operation not permitted
chmod: ubuntu.sh: Operation not permitted
chmod: unionfs: Operation not permitted
←[H←[J
Ubuntu Chroot Bootloader v0.1
Ubuntu Bootloader is now installed!
This process does NOT damage Android OS!
Original Installer by Charan Singh
Modified for Ubuntu Chroot by Max Lee at AndroLinux.com ,G2Hacks.com and Ne
eHacks.net
To enter the Ubuntu Linux console just type 'bootubuntu'
# bootubuntu
bootubuntu
mknod: /dev/loop2: File exists
losetup: /dev/block/loop2: No such file or directory
mount: mounting /dev/block/loop2 on /data/local/ubuntu failed: Invalid argu
mount: mounting devpts on /data/local/ubuntu/dev/pts failed: No such file o
ectory
mount: mounting proc on /data/local/ubuntu/proc failed: No such file or dir
y
mount: mounting sysfs on /data/local/ubuntu/sys failed: No such file or dir
y
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
Setting /etc/resolv.conf to Google Open DNS 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
bootubuntu: cannot create /data/local/ubuntu/etc/resolv.conf: directory non
ent
bootubuntu: cannot create /data/local/ubuntu/etc/resolv.conf: directory non
ent
Setting localhost on /etc/hosts
bootubuntu: cannot create /data/local/ubuntu/etc/hosts: directory nonexiste
READY TO ROCK AND ROLL BABY!
Brought to you by NexusOneHacks.net and the open source community!
chroot: can't execute '/bin/bash': No such file or directory
Shutting down Ubuntu
umount: can't umount /data/local/ubuntu/dev/pts: No such file or directory
umount: can't umount /data/local/ubuntu/proc: No such file or directory
umount: can't umount /data/local/ubuntu/sys: No such file or directory
umount: can't umount /data/local/ubuntu: Invalid argument
losetup: /dev/loop2: No such device or address
No, verify you don't have applications on your external sd card, if there is, transfer them to the internal sd card
EDIT: Yes, verify you don't have applications on your sd card
i dont have application on sd card
Okay this is wierd !
2 possibilities :
1. busybox is not installed
2. Your phone do not support loop devices
Can you send me a file in your /proc/ directory named config.gz ? (sorry it is a pain in the ass...)
Oh sorry I forgot how is named your external sdcard ? emmc or sdcard ?
Rename it to *.gz . Xda dont accept gz extension . I looked to sh script and i think the problem is that in cm7 sdcard is /sdcard not /emmc .
my external card is named /sdcard/external_sd and is a 16 gb class 2 so is a bit slower
Okay I think if found, I going to post new scripts for you quickly, I just verify that you have loop support
EDIT: Yes you have loop support, it is scripts
Replace these scripts : http://www.fileserve.com/file/Tu8WZP5
AnonymeLex said:
Okay I think if found, I going to post new scripts for you quickly, I just verify that you have loop support
EDIT: Yes you have loop support, it is scripts
Replace these scripts : http://www.fileserve.com/file/Tu8WZP5
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Dont worry , but please upload this to xda because i hate fileserve and i have to wait 1200 seconds to download another file . Thanks
Yes, I forgot it's quicker, but does it work finally ?
I think is better that you fix the first post with instruction for miui users
Ok works , thanks a lot
i maked an error .
after this cat > /root/.bashrc i typed :
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export USER=root
rm /tmp/.X1-lock
rm /tmp/.X11-unix/X1
vncserver -geometry 800x480
exit
so every time i run bootubuntu this shut down . XD what i have to do to fix that ?
Edit : im recopying all including new script and i will not do same error
I'm using Ubuntu since 2006, it's really nice to see that the interest in Linux is growing so fast!
thunderteaser said:
I'm using Ubuntu since 2006, it's really nice to see that the interest in Linux is growing so fast!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
im using ubuntu since the first version of android XD . im using it in dual boot . but i have changed 5 pc since 2005 for too use . is in use 24h/7d also with overclock . super pc !!! super android !!
thunderteaser said:
I'm using Ubuntu since 2006, it's really nice to see that the interest in Linux is growing so fast!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
We can't ignore linux
(
Alberto96 said:
i maked an error .
after this cat > /root/.bashrc i typed :
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export USER=root
rm /tmp/.X1-lock
rm /tmp/.X11-unix/X1
vncserver -geometry 800x480
exit
so every time i run bootubuntu this shut down . XD what i have to do to fix that ?
Edit : im recopying all including new script and i will not do same error
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Oh never thinked we could be in such a situation
The .bashrc is inside ubuntu.img, I don't really see a solution appart redownloading...
Sorry
Wait, exit don't really close ubuntu I think, it juste close terminal you should still able to connect via vnc and modify .bashrc ! To shut it down do Ctrl+D