Can't get into Recovery - G2 and Desire Z Q&A, Help & Troubleshooting

I've readseveral threads over and over trying to find a solution to my problem. I was trying to flash a ROM and did the required data and cache wipe. After I downloaded the ROM The phone rebooted and now it stuck on HTC boot screen. I pulled the battery and press the volume down and power button to get into recovery. Once I get into recovery and it loads I get asked if I want to update RADIO_V2 and I can select yes or no. Well I tried both and no luck I can not get into recovery the option is not there. Here is my phone recovery info:
VisionPVT ENG S-off
HBOOT-0.76.2000 (PC1010000)
Microp-0425
Radio-26.08.04.16_M
eMMC-boot
Aug 20 2010, 16:51:01
Any help please or am I Bricked?

You have the ENG HBOOT installed...that's a good thing. So, this will allow you to reflash the recovery image from fastboot:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery /path/to/<recovery>.img

You need to delete the update zip or pc10img. zip on your sd card. I think its not letting you go through recovery because its reading something in your sdcard.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z/G2 Using XDA Premium App

theSpam said:
You have the ENG HBOOT installed...that's a good thing. So, this will allow you to reflash the recovery image from fastboot:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery /path/to/<recovery>.img
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
IS this done through ADB?

cdsbj6508 said:
IS this done through ADB?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I was just wondering why it says radio_v2 did you try to flash a radio file?
Sent from my HTC Desire Z/G2 Using XDA Premium App

lainvalenajr said:
You need to delete the update zip or pc10img. zip on your sd card. I think its not letting you go through recovery because its reading something in your sdcard.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z/G2 Using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How can I access my sdcard when I turn my phone on it stays on the HTC bootup screen, and when I try to get into recovery I can't it pass the update?
Thanks-

cdsbj6508 said:
How can I access my sdcard when I turn my phone on it stays on the HTC bootup screen, and when I try to get into recovery I can't it pass the update?
Thanks-
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
do you have another phone? that can acess your sd card. When you stated Radio_v2... i was thinking u were trying to flash a radio file via bootloader.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z/G2 Using XDA Premium App

lainvalenajr said:
do you have another phone? that can acess your sd card. When you stated Radio_v2... i was thinking u were trying to flash a radio file via bootloader.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z/G2 Using XDA Premium App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I do have another phone should I look for the Radio_V2 file and delete it?

I got it to work!
Thanks

cdsbj6508 said:
I got it to work!
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Glad you got it to work. lol just remember to delete any update/PC10IMG. zips. after you use them.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z/G2 Using XDA Premium App

Related

[Q]Downgrading CWM 3.x to 2.x

So I have this problem http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=949733
And I'm trying to fix this by downgrading CWM to 2.xx but the problem is that I don't know how. I can't acces ROM manager because I can't get pass to my bootscreen. So Is there any way to install CWM 2.xx without having to use ROM manager?
YuBlue said:
So I have this problem http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=949733
And I'm trying to fix this by downgrading CWM to 2.xx but the problem is that I don't know how. I can't acces ROM manager because I can't get pass to my bootscreen. So Is there any way to install CWM 2.xx without having to use ROM manager?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You can use adb, the context (I believe) would be 'flashimage recovery name-of-recovery-file.img'
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
OriginalGabriel said:
You can use adb, the context (I believe) would be 'flashimage recovery name-of-recovery-file.img'
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I know but I can't find the recovery.img of a 2.x
YuBlue said:
I know but I can't find the recovery.img of a 2.x
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
http://mirrorbrain.cyanogenmod.com/cm/recoveries/
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
OriginalGabriel said:
http://mirrorbrain.cyanogenmod.com/cm/recoveries/
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you very much. But now I'm getting an error whenever I try to flash it using adb. FAILED <remote: not allowed>
any ideas?
http://mirrorbrain.cyanogenmod.com/cm/recoveries/
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thank you very much. But now I'm getting an error whenever I try to flash it using adb. FAILED <remote: not allowed>
any ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Anything show up when you run 'adb devices'?
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
OriginalGabriel said:
Anything show up when you run 'adb devices'?
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Only in recovery, shows nothing in the bootloader
YuBlue said:
Only in recovery, shows nothing in the bootloader
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry, spaced this ... do you have the Engineering HBoot?
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
YuBlue said:
Thank you very much. But now I'm getting an error whenever I try to flash it using adb. FAILED <remote: not allowed>
any ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do you have the ENG SPL installed? If so, you can try:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
theSpam said:
Do you have the ENG SPL installed? If so, you can try:
Code:
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I don't think I've it installed, where can I find it?
YuBlue said:
I don't think I've it installed, where can I find it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you didn't root via the wiki method then you don't have the ENG
Sent from my HTC Vision using XDA App
YuBlue said:
I don't think I've it installed, where can I find it?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
First of all, turn on your phone while holding power+vol down. What does this screen say?
thespam said:
first of all, turn on your phone while holding power+vol down. What does this screen say?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
vision pvt ship s-off
hboot- 0.85. 0005
microp -0425
radio-26.06.02.27_m
eMMC-boot
EDIT: So I know now that I'll need to install the 0.84.2000 engineering Hboot, but I'm having troubles with that too. When I enter the dd if=/.... command I get an error "/data/local/hboot-eng.img "not a directory".
/desperate bump
YuBlue said:
vision pvt ship s-off
hboot- 0.85. 0005
microp -0425
radio-26.06.02.27_m
eMMC-boot
EDIT: So I know now that I'll need to install the 0.84.2000 engineering Hboot, but I'm having troubles with that too. When I enter the dd if=/.... command I get an error "/data/local/hboot-eng.img "not a directory".
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Please be careful. By flashing your SPL without doing extensive research, you're at risk of turning your semi-brick into a permanent brick.
Look at this guide: http://forum.xda-developers.com/wik..._Root_.2F_.22Permaroot.22.29_using_gfree_v0.5
Pay attention to section 4 (...it looks like gfree is used to install the new SPL too).
Edit: sorry I didn't read that you were unable to boot into your ROM.

[Q] HTC Screen after flashing Anything.

Rooted my desire yesterday S-offed and everything was working fine. I attempted to flash a custom Rom and now all I recieve in the HTC screen. I have tryed installing several roms and nothing works. I can get into the recovery with no issues. Just I cannot get into any roms. Any Magix fixes I can try? Or should I just Fastboot and start over?
Edit. Fastboot doesnt work. But I can get into the CWM Recovery. Which is also the newest version.
And you always followed installation guides for all roms carefully (like sd card) and flashed version that corresponds with your hboot?
TouchPaled from dGB with Transparent XDA App
MatDrOiD said:
And you always followed installation guides for all roms carefully (like sd card) and flashed version that corresponds with your hboot?
TouchPaled from dGB with Transparent XDA App
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup Followed everything. I have done this all on my incredible 100 times. So I am aware of the steps to get Roms going.
Wiped all user data?
I just had this briefly with a Desire PVT4, had forgotten to wipe all user data prior to flashnig ROM's...?
SteveBishy said:
I just had this briefly with a Desire PVT4, had forgotten to wipe all user data prior to flashnig ROM's...?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Naa. Everything was Whiped clean. Restore wont work either because of the MD5 sum being different?
Which hboot are you using?
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
Why doesn't fastboot work? Do you get any errors?
MatDrOiD said:
Why doesn't fastboot work? Do you get any errors?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Fastboot just has the bootloader option. Nothing for going back to stock. And were on the Stock HBOOT.
Correction Fastboot works just I cannot use it to go to stock. Is there any quick way to get to the stock image?
You can just download the zip from alpha rev put it on the SD card (not in a folder) re name it as PB99IMG start your phone with power and volume down and it will ask you if you want install it. P.s sorry if you knew this lol
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
cartermg120 said:
You can just download the zip from alpha rev put it on the SD card (not in a folder) re name it as PB99IMG start your phone with power and volume down and it will ask you if you want install it. P.s sorry if you knew this lol
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I didnt know that! I shall give it a try and update on here and thank you if it works. What is Alpha Rev? A Devoloper or something?
You basically they specialize in s off, and recovery images etc. What sort of ROMs are you using? Cm7r2 is best for most Roms on the desire atm
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
Hitmanthe3rd said:
I didnt know that! I shall give it a try and update on here and thank you if it works. What is Alpha Rev? A Devoloper or something?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
How could you S-OFF your phone without hearing from AlphaRev?
That is a good point? But suppose you could miss it, it isn't the same site.
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
cartermg120 said:
That is a good point? But suppose you could miss it, it isn't the same site.
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What do you want?

What happened?

Guys my phones stuck at the HTC logo what happened? D:
What where you doing before hand?
Sent from my HTC Wildfire S using xda premium
bingzz said:
Guys my phones stuck at the HTC logo what happened? D:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Tell us what you did and we MAY know what could have happened!
Flashed recovery, wiped data and cache, tried installing cm7 but the installation aborted.. D:
bingzz said:
Flashed recovery, wiped data and cache, tried installing cm7 but the installation aborted.. D:
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Redownload cm7 and try again also really flash recovery
Sent from my HTC Wildfire S using xda premium
Is there any way I can do that via fastboot or something?
no idea.
bingzz said:
Is there any way I can do that via fastboot or something?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If my Desire HD is anything to go by, can't you access fastboot through hboot? Or even recovery if you say you flashed it. Pull the battery, and use vol down+power
Sent from my Desire HD using xda premium
I am on fastboot, I'm not sure how to flash a rom or somethiing through it.
bingzz said:
I am on fastboot, I'm not sure how to flash a rom or somethiing through it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Using fastboot on your computer, place a recovery.img in the same folder and type:
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
Sent from my Desire HD using xda premium
Thing is I already have CWM flashed, or do I need to reflash it again?
bingzz said:
Thing is I already have CWM flashed, or do I need to reflash it again?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OK, pull the battery, go power+vol down and select recovery. Does that work on the wfs?
Sent from my ARCHOS 80G9 using xda premium
Quinny899 said:
OK, pull the battery, go power+vol down and select recovery. Does that work on the wfs?
Sent from my ARCHOS 80G9 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yeah it does work.
Edit: Now what shall I do?
Now redownload cm7, the cm7 you flashed might be corrupted
connect phone to pc by usb cable
Boot into recovery
From mounts and storage select mount usb
Your pc should see your sd card now
Copy cm7 file to sd
Unmount usb from recovery
Try to flash cm7 again
This should fix the problem
Sent from my HTC Wildfire S using Tapatalk
I actually done exactly that before I saw it but I renamed the cyanogenmod to update and applied it like that. Thanks guys
Sent from my HTC Wildfire S using XDA App

Close this thread.

Deleted
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
vijendrahs said:
I am on CM7r2 hboot currently and I would like to change my hboot to stock. Do i need to follow same steps as i did to flash to CM7r2? or do downgrade first then flash stock?
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Same as you did for Getting CM7R2 HBoot
1. Download PB99IMG_stock.zip from Alpharev's site.
2. then rename it as PB99IMG.zip and place it in root of your SD card
3. Power off then Powerup your Phone with Volume Down + Power (Boot in Bootloader) there select Yes when asked for updating HBoot and Restart.
4. Goto Recover format /system
5. Restore Nandroid Backup or Flash new ROM.
Delete
vijendrahs said:
Thanks for the info... I was waiting for someone who has already done.
Seems you have tested it already.
When do we need to downgrade the hboot?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Only when you want to return to a stock RUU.
Sent from my HTC Desire using XDA
Not working
I tried the below steps but i got a message that its not the right image . any solutions please ?
Deleted
1. Download bravo_alphaspl.img from Alpharev's site.
& flache hboot with Android Flasher
YoUnEs DeX said:
1. Download bravo_alphaspl.img from Alpharev's site.
& flache hboot with Android Flasher
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
+1
Sent from my HTC Desire
maybe u have to flash something called downgrader first, just at the bottom of the list of all those hoots.
Use Fastboot commander, that`s the best and most powerful one.
winter0614 said:
maybe u have to flash something called downgrader first, just at the bottom of the list of all those hoots.
Use Fastboot commander, that`s the best and most powerful one.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
The downgrader allows a RUU to install as it checks for the HBOOT version so it doesn't flash over a newer version.
I have not used Android Flasher. I have never had any issues using Fastboot commander for switching between stock, CM 7, oxygen and dGB HBOOTs.
You are using the .img file and not the .zip right?
Sent from my HTC Desire using XDA
ymmit said:
The downgrader allows a RUU to install as it checks for the HBOOT version so it doesn't flash over a newer version.
I have not used Android Flasher. I have never had any issues using Fastboot commander for switching between stock, CM 7, oxygen and dGB HBOOTs.
You are using the .img file and not the .zip right?
Sent from my HTC Desire using XDA
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
CM7, oxygen and dGB hboots? Seriously? They r roms :banghead:
Please google AlphaRev and read
Sent from my HTC Desire
jmcclue said:
CM7, oxygen and dGB hboots? Seriously? They r roms :banghead:
Please google AlphaRev and read
Sent from my HTC Desire
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No way? Really? Could I have meant the relative HBOOTs with the same descriptors numbnuts? I think that might be the case.
Yes, do google AlphaRev and follow the instructions. See the table that describes the partition tables (based on the ROMs for which they were created) and pay attention to whether you are using the img or zip.
Sent from my GT-P6810 using XDA Premium HD app
Sent from my GT-P6810 using XDA Premium HD app
ymmit said:
No way? Really? Could I have meant the relative HBOOTs with the same descriptors numbnuts? I think that might be the case.
Yes, do google AlphaRev and follow the instructions. See the table that describes the partition tables (based on the ROMs for which they were created) and pay attention to whether you are using the img or zip.
Sent from my GT-P6810 using XDA Premium HD app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Lol ok
Sent from my HTC Desire
fastboot commander works great for me too. Just make sure ur S-OFF, download fastboot drivers, install fastboot commander. REboot into bootloader and flash .img files downloaded from Alpharev website, using fastboot commander
Hi all
I am on HBOOT-0.80.0000 and trying to upgrade to another one to use the newer ROMS properly and no matter which PB99IMG I choose e.g. PB99IMG_oxygenr2 or PB99IMG_cm7r2 and place these in the root of my SD card renamed as PB99IMG.zip I don't get the option to overwrite or anything. The fastboot loooks at the file as it says Checking.... Then it just goes back around to the FASTBOOT option???
AndyChecker said:
Hi all
I am on HBOOT-0.80.0000 and trying to upgrade to another one to use the newer ROMS properly and no matter which PB99IMG I choose e.g. PB99IMG_oxygenr2 or PB99IMG_cm7r2 and place these in the root of my SD card renamed as PB99IMG.zip I don't get the option to overwrite or anything. The fastboot loooks at the file as it says Checking.... Then it just goes back around to the FASTBOOT option???
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Once you place the PB99IMG.zip on root of your SD card it will not ask you to override anything unless and until you had placed it before. Then boot into fastboot to flash the zip and it will ask you to update hboot you need to select yes by doing volume down button. Then it will ask you to reboot into bootloader select yes again, and you are done flashing the hboot.
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
vijendrahs said:
Once you place the PB99IMG.zip on root of your SD card it will not ask you to override anything unless and until you had placed it before. Then boot into fastboot to flash the zip and it will ask you to update hboot you need to select yes by doing volume down button. Then it will ask you to reboot into bootloader select yes again, and you are done flashing the hboot.
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
im pretty sure yes is volume up
Sent from my HTC Desire
jmcclue said:
im pretty sure yes is volume up
Sent from my HTC Desire
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My bad it is volume up. You are correct.
Sent from my HTC Desire using xda premium
I tried using fast boot to flash the img it never failed till now. It is better than using some flashers.

Flashing not working

I've downloaded several different ROMs today, and moved them to /sdcard. I wipe the phone and the cache, and then go to "install zip from sdcard" on Clockworkmod recovery. I've done this several times, and Virtuous Quattro is still here. I'm fairly certain I rooted my phone and everything when I initially installed VQ, so I'm not sure what the problem is.
(Please keep in mind I'm still relatively new to all this phone business.)
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
qmanjr5 said:
I've downloaded several different ROMs today, and moved them to /sdcard. I wipe the phone and the cache, and then go to "install zip from sdcard" on Clockworkmod recovery. I've done this several times, and Virtuous Quattro is still here. I'm fairly certain I rooted my phone and everything when I initially installed VQ, so I'm not sure what the problem is.
(Please keep in mind I'm still relatively new to all this phone business.)
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Reboot to recovery-->Wipe Data factory reset--> Install Zip from SD cad--> Choose Zip from SD Card --> (ROM Name).zip
then the next step is self explanatory
The Android Manual said:
Reboot to recovery-->Wipe Data factory reset--> Install Zip from SD cad--> Choose Zip from SD Card --> (ROM Name).zip
then the next step is self explanatory
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did all that. It doesn't work. That's why I'm posting.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
qmanjr5 said:
I did all that. It doesn't work. That's why I'm posting.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
An error message of some sort would be helpeful. "doesn't work" isn't detailed enough.
Is your phone a g2 or desire z,and which Roms did you download more detailsbwill help
Sent from my Desire Z using xda premium
kbeezie said:
An error message of some sort would be helpeful. "doesn't work" isn't detailed enough.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There is no error message. The installation goes through flawlessly, it seems, but when I reboot it's the same. :/
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
Go to bootloader and check your S-ON/OFF status.
Tell us the first 4 or 5 lines.
-Nipqer
Nipqer said:
Go to bootloader and check your S-ON/OFF status.
Tell us the first 4 or 5 lines.
-Nipqer
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
My computer is unavailable at the moment, so I can't tell you all of it. However, it does say S-OFF
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
to reach your bootloader screen, turn off your phone and then power on holding volume down (no computer needed) then see if it is eng hboot or ship hboot along with your soff, depending on what it is will decide your next step
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
demkantor said:
to reach your bootloader screen, turn off your phone and then power on holding volume down (no computer needed) then see if it is eng hboot or ship hboot along with your soff, depending on what it is will decide your next step
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I mentioned my computer because I couldn't tell you the entire thing wit4hout it. But here it is.
Vision PVT ENG S-OFF
HBOOT-0.84.2000 (PC1012000)
MICROP-0425
RADIO-26.03.02.26_M
eMMC-boot
well if you don't get any error and, as it sounds, you are doing everything right. I would assume there is an issue with your recovery, I suggest flashing a new one, also I would suggest using 4ext recovery over clockworks as it is superior in many ways.
go to the 4ext website and grap the .img
boot into fastboot
fastboot -w
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
fastboot reboot bootloader
now reboot to recovery and perform a full wipe, make sure all is partitioned to ext4 (except fat32 partition of sd)
flash rom of choice
any questions feel free to ask
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
demkantor said:
well if you don't get any error and, as it sounds, you are doing everything right. I would assume there is an issue with your recovery, I suggest flashing a new one, also I would suggest using 4ext recovery over clockworks as it is superior in many ways.
go to the 4ext website and grap the .img
boot into fastboot
fastboot -w
fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
fastboot reboot bootloader
now reboot to recovery and perform a full wipe, make sure all is partitioned to ext4 (except fat32 partition of sd)
flash rom of choice
any questions feel free to ask
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I should have mentioned I switched to 4ext. Also, I've done a full wipe and flashed the ROM, but still no.
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
so even after a full wipe and flash of the rom, you boot back to os and its the same as before, as if you didn't do anything?
and you get no error codes? and you switched to 4ext recovery and it sucessfully changed to it but you get the same problems as you did with clockwork?
is all this correct?
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
Reformat your phone through 4EXT. It's under the same menu as wipe.
Sent from Spaceball One.
demkantor said:
so even after a full wipe and flash of the rom, you boot back to os and its the same as before, as if you didn't do anything?
and you get no error codes? and you switched to 4ext recovery and it sucessfully changed to it but you get the same problems as you did with clockwork?
is all this correct?
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes.
blackknightavalon said:
Reformat your phone through 4EXT. It's under the same menu as wipe.
Sent from Spaceball One.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Which partition am I formatting? System?
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
reformat everything except the fat32 partition of sd card, then for safe messure wipe everything and reboot, if you don't get stuck @ the white htc screen then something is wrong (this should wipe your os completley so you won't be able to boot) if it goes into os after a full wipe/reformat then I suggest logging into irc freenode #g2root and get some realtime help
if you do get stuck @ htc screen the pull battery boot to recovery and flash rom of choice
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
qmanjr5 said:
Which partition am I formatting? System?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
In 4ext recovery
Wipe/format -> "format all partitions (except sdcard)"
Sent from my T-Mobile G2
demkantor said:
reformat everything except the fat32 partition of sd card, then for safe messure wipe everything and reboot, if you don't get stuck @ the white htc screen then something is wrong (this should wipe your os completley so you won't be able to boot) if it goes into os after a full wipe/reformat then I suggest logging into irc freenode #g2root and get some realtime help
if you do get stuck @ htc screen the pull battery boot to recovery and flash rom of choice
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I do indeed get stuck at the HTC screen, but none of the ROMs but VQ is working. Could it be that I downloaded them on my phone and transferred them to /sdcard?
Sent from my HTC Desire Z using xda app-developers app
check the md5sums of the roms you are trying to flash, make sure you follow all instructions in the op of those roms, (md5 should be listed where you downloaded and inside 4ext there is an option in the menu to check the sum)
Sent from my HTC Vision using xda premium

Categories

Resources