Develop Bugs

US Cellular Roms?

Does anyone know of any custom roms for US Cellular?

I have not seen any on here, at ppcgeeks.com, or ppchaven.com.
One of the other two site may be able to help you as they are more geared towards CDMA devices.

You are in luck!
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/showthread.php?t=53675

you should be able to flash a custom rom that is not particular to US cellular.
For instance, I'm on sprint, I have a bell radio and a custom bell rom, running no problem.

noob - so noob that I just popped out 3 weeks ago. How exactly (as in step by step) do I flash a rom. I have been looking and searching and googling but to no avail of instructions.
I have seen I need to unlock my phone (codes like ##3242# do not work on my USCC HTC Touch (which shows as a vogu100 on the system screen) and QPST does not even see my phone - but I do not know how to use that either.
I saw that I should use Coke 2.3 (or something like that) from ImCokeman on PPCGeeks (probably here too.
Again where do I get step-by step (in a how-to for complete imbiciles). Could anyone help me here?
All I realy want to do is turn on my GPS and possibly the wifi as my users manual says it has it and there should be a button for it in comm manager but it is also missing.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Kevin M Carman
Maine Notary Net
Bangor, Maine (in the boonies)

mainenotarynet said:
noob - so noob that I just popped out 3 weeks ago. How exactly (as in step by step) do I flash a rom. I have been looking and searching and googling but to no avail of instructions.
I have seen I need to unlock my phone (codes like ##3242# do not work on my USCC HTC Touch (which shows as a vogu100 on the system screen) and QPST does not even see my phone - but I do not know how to use that either.
I saw that I should use Coke 2.3 (or something like that) from ImCokeman on PPCGeeks (probably here too.
Again where do I get step-by step (in a how-to for complete imbiciles). Could anyone help me here?
All I realy want to do is turn on my GPS and possibly the wifi as my users manual says it has it and there should be a button for it in comm manager but it is also missing.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Kevin M Carman
Maine Notary Net
Bangor, Maine (in the boonies)
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What ROM & Radio do you currently have? I asume that since you posted on this thread that you are on US Cell?
UNLOCKING
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/showthread.php?t=20370
You will have to use WINRAR to extract the files to a folder. Connect your phone to your computer with activesync (xp) or WMDC (Vista) to establish a connection. You just need to run the ROMUpdateUtility.exe & follow the instruction.
FLASHING
Once you have unlocked you phone download what ever ROM you want & extract the files to a folder using winrar. Establish a connecrtion & run the ROMUpdateUtility.exe. Then follow the instructions.
You can also flash from the bootloader screan power+camera+reset. If flashing a stock ROM then copy the VOGUIMG.nbh onto your micro sd card. Tehn enter the bootloader screen power+camera+reset. You ROM should start flashing automatically. If you want to us a custom ROM you will follow the same process but you will have to remname the nbh file. It will be named RUU_Signed.nbh & you will need to rename it to VOGUIMG.nbh after copying it to you micro sd card.
Look at this page.
http://www.atwistedweb.com/xv6900/index.html

Carrier is US Cellular (nice instructions -- for verizon - can't chance a se of instructions that brick my phone)
System info shows:
ROM version: 3.01.573.4
ROM date: 10/10/08
Radio Version: 3.42.3
Protocol Version: DCAAXAM-4350H
Hardware version: 0001
PRL Version: 15068
PRI version: 1.32.027
Browser Version: MSIE 6.0
Bootloader shows:
Vogu100
SPL-2.01.0000
cpld-3
I have come across the unlocking thread 13 different times but it is not specific to USCC it even says it. This is for a CDMA device, the HTC vogue aka SPRINT touch (not elf) - if it bricks my phone I am s.o.l. as they rund $500+ retail and I aint got it lying around.
Oh well - maybe I am just paranoid but I need my phone and can't take a chance that my phone becomes a paperweight just for one added feature especially when it does have an option for external GPS and those I can get for 30-50 dollars.
I wish I had more confidence in myself but well...
Thank You.
Update: Unlocked and flashed the ROM in this tread for USCC and still my GPS don't work -- this is the one thing I wanted. No help

Dette makes a really nice fully loaded ROM, fast and smooth, not really my taste mainly because I like to keep all my apps up to date and when they're cooked in you cant. I like a nice clean ROM that I can customize myself, But Dettes is awsome if you just wanna "flash and go", plus your pretty limited on your choices because of your carrier
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/showthread.php?t=34284

yearn said:
Dette makes a really nice fully loaded ROM, fast and smooth, not really my taste mainly because I like to keep all my apps up to date and when they're cooked in you cant. I like a nice clean ROM that I can customize myself, But Dettes is awsome if you just wanna "flash and go", plus your pretty limited on your choices because of your carrier
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/showthread.php?t=34284
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is for Diamond I have Vogue I did the one that was posted at the beginning of this post and although not bricked major changes made that I do not like.
I now have to see if I can find the original USCC stock ROM only thing I need is the GPS - the rom changed my contact, can not change default area code, plays music when not told to, etc.
that's what I get for trying.

No this is for the Vogue, its just the Diamond edition. I flashed it this morming to my Alltel touch. I assume its called that cause its got the M2D which makes it look like the Diamonds TF3D. Trust me

yearn said:
No this is for the Vogue, its just the Diamond edition. I flashed it this morming to my Alltel touch. I assume its called that cause its got the M2D which makes it look like the Diamonds TF3D. Trust me
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
That may be but when my first rom flash (using the one above causes major problems (opera sucks want IE back (rather firefox but)) and I can not change the default area code anymor. I do not kbnow if I want to try again -- I think I can find my stock USCC rom at HTC site. Iall I wanted was a GPS not 17 hours of headaches.

mainenotarynet said:
That may be but when my first rom flash (using the one above causes major problems (opera sucks want IE back (rather firefox but)) and I can not change the default area code anymor. I do not kbnow if I want to try again -- I think I can find my stock USCC rom at HTC site. Iall I wanted was a GPS not 17 hours of headaches.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry man, Ill see if I can help you find it.

Ok found it, hereya go.
http://www.htc.com/us/SupportDownload.aspx?p_id=185&cat=2&dl_id=186

Hi all,
I've been trying to convince NFSFAN to make a US cellular version of his awesome ROM. He said he would do it if there were at least three users interested. So far I just have myself and johnficca interested. Please go to: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=432487 to view the ROM and ask NFSFAN to make a US Cellular version.
P.S. Please be polite, respectful and grateful in your posts. NFSFAN is busy and does a lot for this and other communities.

I don't understand - I have a US Cellular HTC Touch Pro2 and the GPS and WiFi are both working fine right out of the box. My guess is that you either have them turned off (although I don't remember seeing an option to turn the GPS off), or you have faulty hardware.

slochild said:
I don't understand - I have a US Cellular HTC Touch Pro2 and the GPS and WiFi are both working fine right out of the box. My guess is that you either have them turned off (although I don't remember seeing an option to turn the GPS off), or you have faulty hardware.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You are answering in the wrong forum. You have a TP2 and this section is for the HTC Touch (aka Vogue).

T-Mobile UK 1.76.110.6 system folder and config.gz

The system folder and config.gz from the T-Mobile UK G2 Touch.
-/system folder:
http://rapidshare.com/files/261342855/system_folder_from_T-Mobile_1.76.110.6.rar.html
MD5: BA140B0EF3F4B8068A72F7CB3BFDB1B5
-config.gz (as attachment)
Once again has a 10 download limit, would appreciate it if somebody could re-upload.
Cheers,
Phil

uploading it now
EDIT: all done
http://rapidshare.com/files/261350092/system_folder_from_T-Mobile_1.76.110.6.rar

Even a newer firmware? Nice! Checking the diffs now!
Edit: Just 6 Days newer.. SHouldn't be much changed..

To be fair it's probably just the addition of T-Mobile bookmarks, etc but I thought I'd put it up just in case there's a hidden gem.

Hello Sir,
I tried PM but for some reason I could not send it.
I have HTC Hero with dev watermarked software
HBOOT-1.75.2000
Radio 6.35.04.04
I downloaded T-mobile ROM you posted and I am wondering if I can just try to push the system folder to my device directly or there is something else I need to do as well ? Can I get step-by-step instructions please ?
Also if I put this release is there a chance that my device will get locked to T-Mobile network ?
Many thanx in advance

Hi there,
I'm afraid I don't know the answer to your questions. I followed instructions I was given to pull the system folders from the phones. What I posted wasn't actually a ROM that you can flash but rather a dump of the folder that contains the HTC applications, etc. This can then be used by ROM cooks to add the Sense UI to their custom ROMS.
I can't imagine that you'd be able to push the system folder across as the system folder is read-only on non-rooted devices. If you did somehow manage to push it across I doubt it would solve your problem but it also wouldn't lock your phone to T-Mobile, that goes much deeper than the system folder (please correct me if I'm wrong).
Cheers,
Phil

g2
sorry for maybe silly Q but i got tmobile G2 with 2.73 ROM but would like to downgrade it so can later install Modaco ROM and root it but can't do it with this updated ROM, as far as my research goes last few hours... now i got your files, could you tell me how i can downgrade it again to 1.76?
many thanks, michael

mishocub said:
sorry for maybe silly Q but i got tmobile G2 with 2.73 ROM but would like to downgrade it so can later install Modaco ROM and root it but can't do it with this updated ROM, as far as my research goes last few hours... now i got your files, could you tell me how i can downgrade it again to 1.76?
many thanks, michael
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Checkout this:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=572683

thanks, guys, just removed my tmobile and will try now update it to modaco rom...

T-Mobile G2 RUU update

http://support.t-mobile.co.uk/RUU_Hero_T-Mobile_UK_2.73.110.26_release_signed_NoDriver.zip

It seems to be a older build, 110 vs 405
also once installing im having issues using flashrec to installed a patched recovery image

How does It differ to a normal 2.73 Rom?

lloydsparkes said:
It seems to be a older build, 110 vs 405
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
No it isn't - the 2.73 is the build number, the rest just indicates operator and region.
Regards,
Dave

Hi, whats the radio version in this ROM?
Thanks

Interesting that this update arrives at the same time t-mobile are rolling out Android 1.6 OTA to USA G1 owners ...
Could this update be Sense UI on top of Android 1.6?

Its not, its a 1.5 system

I can confirm issues with flashrec.
Installing custom recovery from adb shell is not working either..

download now also available here:
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=4525584

Just installed.
Firmware 1.5
Baseband version 63.18.55.06FU_6.35.07.08
Kernel version 2.6.27-00078c992
Build number: 2.73.110.26 CL#69351 release-keys
Software version: 1.0.0.A6288

Radio version: 63.18.55.06FU_6.35.07.08
Cheers,
BS...

extracting the rom images
lloydsparkes said:
I
also once installing im having issues using flashrec to installed a patched recovery image
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
as i suspected it might, sounds like it ships a kernel that fixes the one-click-root hole, and it replaces the recovery rom image.
Anyone know how to extract the rom images from that windows executable?
i want to mess about a bit and install only parts of it from linux.
Searching the forums the closest i can find is a suggestion of using winrar, but i had someone try that on their windows box and it doesnt work.
or as a fall back, does anyone know if someones managed to do a nandroid backup of a freshly upgraded g2. (after rooting it the hard way presumably)

Paul @ Modaco twittered that he'd root and repack the T-Mobile UK update on Thursday (i.e. tomorrow).
Regards,
Dave

I have extracted the Rom Images
Run the RUU then leave it running
then Start-> Run -> %TEMP%
then look through the folders untill you find one with adb in (search) this has a rom.zip file.

So the radio rom is 63.18.55.06FU_6.35.07.08.
But isn't this version supposed to freeze T-Mobile UK HSDPA?!

wywywywy said:
isn't this version supposed to freeze T-Mobile UK HSDPA?!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
'supposed' is an odd word to use.
I don't know how many people have reported the freezing on HSDPA, however I have not had any.
I only installed the new radio earlier today, but I'm not having eny problems with HSDPA, I even downloaded a 200mb file and whatched the whole process just to see if it hung.
It didnt.
I do not know for sure whether the signal is better, but it's definately not worse.
I'll post again tomorrow when I've tested out the signal and internet a bit more.

hi, when i try to flash this rom i've got this message "erreur 131: erreur client id"????
somebody can help me???
thank you guys;-)

i think that means it is not meant for your device...do you have a t-mobile branded uk hero?

foxmeister said:
Paul @ Modaco twittered that he'd root and repack the T-Mobile UK update on Thursday (i.e. tomorrow).
Regards,
Dave
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Just got to wait for this then......

lloydsparkes said:
Just got to wait for this then......
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
If you've already applied the T-Mobile UK update via the RUU, you're probably out of luck, as it seems it replaces your recovery image with one that can't currently be replaced.
Regards,
Dave

[Ask Your Questions Here] Questions And Answers for Vogue Users

All,
Due to good success in the Blue Angel section, I have decided to open a Questions and Answers thread on this section of the forum as well. This will be good to keep the number of new threads with questions down to a minimum, which will make new threads essentially for people that are contributing to the Vogue in any way. This includes but is not limited to people that are providing
*New Roms and Kitchens
*Programs and Apps
*Fixes
*Skins
*Tips and Tricks
However, I have a life (and so do most of you), which is why I would like to request the help from other Seniors (or anyone who knows the answer really ) to monitor the thread as well. This will have the added side effect of creating an ever self updating knowledge base that will far extend the content of the Wiki. This will in turn save us from having to answer the same question 37000 times...
Without further ado, lets go for it!

egzthunder1 said:
All,
Due to good success in the Blue Angel section, I have decided to open a Questions and Answers thread on this section of the forum as well. This will be good to keep the number of new threads with questions down to a minimum, which will make new threads essentially for people that are contributing to the Vogue in any way. This includes but is not limited to people that are providing
*New Roms and Kitchens
*Programs and Apps
*Fixes
*Skins
*Tips and Tricks
However, I have a life (and so do most of you), which is why I would like to request the help from other Seniors (or anyone who knows the answer really ) to monitor the thread as well. This will have the added side effect of creating an ever self updating knowledge base that will far extend the content of the Wiki. This will in turn save us from having to answer the same question 37000 times...
Without further ado, lets go for it!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
GOOD IDEA!

Hi there Gents any input
Barogi awesome so far for v2; media player not staying in full screen mode though, and manila home weather under clock wont update when you push update now also getting error message for manila home on reboot

Great idea for a faq page!
I have been using a NFSfan rom on my bell vogue for a while, and it crapped out today for some reason. Rather than put another WM build on it, I wanted to change to Android.
I have looked through many pages in here, but I can't find a simple tutorial on switch from a custom WM build to a Android build. I prefer to use the NAND method so that I don't ever have to see WM again...
Can someone create or point me towards a step-by-step guide for installing Android? Keep in mind that I have absolutely no Android experience, and that my custom ROM is completely messed up, so would it make for sense to flash the a manf build and upgrade from there?
Thanks

devildog0729 said:
Barogi awesome so far for v2; media player not staying in full screen mode though, and manila home weather under clock wont update when you push update now also getting error message for manila home on reboot
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Did you install the CDMA home weather fix?

joshmxpx said:
Great idea for a faq page!
I have been using a NFSfan rom on my bell vogue for a while, and it crapped out today for some reason. Rather than put another WM build on it, I wanted to change to Android.
I have looked through many pages in here, but I can't find a simple tutorial on switch from a custom WM build to a Android build. I prefer to use the NAND method so that I don't ever have to see WM again...
Can someone create or point me towards a step-by-step guide for installing Android? Keep in mind that I have absolutely no Android experience, and that my custom ROM is completely messed up, so would it make for sense to flash the a manf build and upgrade from there?
Thanks
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Here you go
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=628353
Good luck!

devildog0729 said:
Barogi awesome so far for v2; media player not staying in full screen mode though, and manila home weather under clock wont update when you push update now also getting error message for manila home on reboot
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
As far as WMP, Barogi will have to look into it since it is his rom.
One last thing, please do not double post. Thanks for understanding...

I have a question:
I recently flashed the Bell rom with the latest radio (I couldn't get the radio only nbh to apply properly), and then subsequently flashed with the latest NagROM rom (which is awesome btw).
Now of course, at startup i have the nice HTC screen with the rom version etc, followed by an AWFUL blue BELL screen (and then the nice orange wm6.5 screen).
Is it possible to change the blue BELL screen? And if so how?

AaronNZ said:
I have a question:
I recently flashed the Bell rom with the latest radio (I couldn't get the radio only nbh to apply properly), and then subsequently flashed with the latest NagROM rom (which is awesome btw).
Now of course, at startup i have the nice HTC screen with the rom version etc, followed by an AWFUL blue BELL screen (and then the nice orange wm6.5 screen).
Is it possible to change the blue BELL screen? And if so how?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
There was a cab to change that somewhere around here in this section of the forum. Alternatively, you can flash NFSFan's rom (which will get rid of it), or you can try mine as well and then reflash Nag's rom.
Edit: Here you go
http://rapidshare.com/files/333401458/BlueBell_Screen_Removal_Rom.rar.html

Question from motoyola
motoyola said:
Help guys, I have a Sprint vogue that was flashed before. It was CID unlocked and has custom ROM on it. My cousin was the one using it then he returned it to me at this state. Problem is the phone does not have any radio. So i tried to bootload it and flash it with a radio but it does not accept it . It's now CID locked.
VOGU100 MFG
SPL-2.01.1000
CPLD-3
I tried to flash it with an OEM ROM, Sprint, USC, Alltel, telus, Bell, VZW nothing seems to work. is there any way to ICD unlock this? so i could flash it with an OEM rom. Thanks.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Look in my signature. There is a guide for unlocking as well as superCID unlock the device. Let me know if you need help.

egzthunder1 said:
There was a cab to change that somewhere around here in this section of the forum. Alternatively, you can flash NFSFan's rom (which will get rid of it), or you can try mine as well and then reflash Nag's rom.
Edit: Here you go
http://rapidshare.com/files/333401458/BlueBell_Screen_Removal_Rom.rar.html
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks, that link is broken, but I found it here (along with some other handy things)
http://www.webcoast.net/temp/

i just flash my vogue with the latest NFSFAN rom. can someone tell me the setting to get my gps to work? whenever i start googlemap it keeps on trying to connect through the data connection. (i did do that one step that NFSFAN asked for the gps dL that verizon cab)

Question from mac+htc
mac+htc said:
Hey everyone,
So I was running NSFANS 6.5 ROM on my device (Amazing ROM btw) But I needed to revert back to the stock rom. I used the VZW updater to go back to the stock rom and I changed the esn on line. When I dialed the *228 and choose option 1 I got a failed message. So I called customer support and he walked me through a manual programing. Well that got voice working but when I went to use the data it wouldn't work. I made sure all the network settings were right, and I still couldn't connect. Well then I hard reset the device and now I am back to square 1. No voice no data. Is this something from NSFANS rom that is messing the phone up? I don't want to call again because their tech support takes forever and I am afraid they are just going to tell me to take the phone into the store. Thanks in advance!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Why did you change the E$N? Where you using the device in a different carrier?
Back to your problem. Your EPST settings should survive a hard reset as those are parameters that are not stored in Windows (afaik). It really makes not difference which rom you are using (at least for Voice and SMS).
Lets focus on your main phone's capabilities first. If your EPST settings truly got lost, you will need to get them from Verizon again. The main ones are the MSD and MIN. Make sure that you write them down this time as you will need them again if they go bye bye.
As for your internet, you will probably need to set the correct username in the phone's programming as well (also info that you will need from Verizon, but it should be something like [email protected] or something like that)
Do that and let me know if this works. They will have to program this for you this time, but once you have the values that I mentioned before, you will be able to do it yourself.

Question from pasdabeer
pasdabeer said:
I have android 2.1 currently on my vx6900, Id like to go back to close to stock Rom, but without all the verizon carrier "flavorings" and rescrictions.
Any ideas? Personaly I liked the simple clean useage of win 6.0 without all the extra graphics ( besides the HTC home plug in and the touch flo )
thanks in advance.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try to get Barogi's latest "lite" rom. Also, you can't go wrong with vin's 28014 or NFSFan's rom. I would recommend mine, but I think they might be a little heavy for what you want. Good luck.

i checked out NSFSfan. It was nice, but waaaaaaaaaaaaaaay to much for what I want. Ill check out the other you suggested before i just flash back to stock rom

pasdabeer said:
i checked out NSFSfan. It was nice, but waaaaaaaaaaaaaaay to much for what I want. Ill check out the other you suggested before i just flash back to stock rom
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try to avoid stock if you can... it has a bad tendency of being too heavy on the extra apps.

I checked out just SS's of both. Both look awesome, but theres something about the simple look ( or im just used to it since my 8125 ) of the stock look. I would like to have the look but the added memory of a cooked rom.
With NSFSfans, could you remove the today screen plug ins to get back to a more stock look?
Im runnin 2.1 android eclair at the moment, and im barley pulling a full day battery with no data/bluetooth. With the old winmo, I was getting 2.5 days-3days. Thats another main concern for me.

figures, I like the way your rom looks the best! to bad hotfile lost the file : (
There is a temporary problem with accessing this file. Our technical team is resolving the problem right now.
HOTFILE.COM - Free one-click file hosting!
With us you can share big files easily and securely:
Just choose a file, click the "Upload" button and send the download link to your friends and anyone you know.

pasdabeer said:
figures, I like the way your rom looks the best! to bad hotfile lost the file : (
There is a temporary problem with accessing this file. Our technical team is resolving the problem right now.
HOTFILE.COM - Free one-click file hosting!
With us you can share big files easily and securely:
Just choose a file, click the "Upload" button and send the download link to your friends and anyone you know.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Which one are you looking for?

egzthunder1 said:
...As for your internet, you will probably need to set the correct username in the phone's programming as well (also info that you will need from Verizon, but it should be something like [email protected] or something like that)...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Verizon is [email protected]

Restoring AT&T Tilt2 ROM

I sold my phone to someone who wants to restore the AT&T Tilt2 stock ROM (I sold it with the latest Illuminati ROM). Is there a link somewhere I can point him to that will give him the necessary files and instructions? In particular, he wants to enable picture mail and access the AT&T app market, and the Illuminati ROM either doesn't have those features or has them configured somewhere other than where he's expecting them.
Any help on this would be greatly appreciated.

kdean said:
I sold my phone to someone who wants to restore the AT&T Tilt2 stock ROM (I sold it with the latest Illuminati ROM). Is there a link somewhere I can point him to that will give him the necessary files and instructions? In particular, he wants to enable picture mail and access the AT&T app market, and the Illuminati ROM either doesn't have those features or has them configured somewhere other than where he's expecting them.
Any help on this would be greatly appreciated.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Most manufacturers have the stock roms on their web page.

wizardknight said:
Most manufacturers have the stock roms on their web page.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did indeed find the HTC Tilt2 ROM at /us/support/htc-tilt2-att/software-updates on the htc.com web site and directed the buyer to it, but he's having some unspecified problem (maybe due to the unfamiliarity of loading ROMs) and other links I found suggest that HTC prevents upgrades unless they are being done to phones that already have approved software on them.
Is anyone aware of such restrictions?

kdean said:
I did indeed find the HTC Tilt2 ROM at /us/support/htc-tilt2-att/software-updates on the htc.com web site and directed the buyer to it, but he's having some unspecified problem (maybe due to the unfamiliarity of loading ROMs) and other links I found suggest that HTC prevents upgrades unless they are being done to phones that already have approved software on them.
Is anyone aware of such restrictions?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I have the sprint touch pro 2 Rhod400, and have loaded the stock rom with non stock software on the phone. I usually use the SD card method, but that takes a little bit more work. Try having them putting the phone into the tri-color mode, and then starting the rom software.

OK, thanks. I'll pass that on to the buyer.