Okay, i'm trying to modify build.prop
while pulling build.prop to sdcard, then editing it, i've tried cat to put it in /system and it tells me "out of memory"
then i try to cp /system and it tells me "not enough memory"
then i've tried removing it, editing it, then reboot to recovery then adb push to /system and it does it, then i reboot and the files back to /system yet all the changes i did aren't there and its back to the way it was before....
any ideas?
javolin13 said:
Okay, i'm trying to modify build.prop
while pulling build.prop to sdcard, then editing it, i've tried cat to put it in /system and it tells me "out of memory"
then i try to cp /system and it tells me "not enough memory"
then i've tried removing it, editing it, then reboot to recovery then adb push to /system and it does it, then i reboot and the files back to /system yet all the changes i did aren't there and its back to the way it was before....
any ideas?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
make sure you mount system ("mount system") while in recovery but before you push the file and when you push try have the trailing slash there "push myfile /system/"
do you mean mount while in adb or shell? because mount only works while device is booted.
also if i add the / trail at the end of /system"/" it gives " no directory; /system//build.prop
javolin13 said:
do you mean mount while in adb or shell? because mount only works while device is booted.
also if i add the / trail at the end of /system"/" it gives " no directory; /system//build.prop
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Do it through clockwork.
Boot into clockwork
go to partitions menu
verify or mount system
(don't shell into the phone yet)
adb shell into your phone and see if that fixes it. Or just adb pull /system/build.prop
edit the one you just pulled in windows and then
adb push build.prop /system/
Try those
Related
I'm trying to remove some preinstalled apps from /system/app folder. My phone is rooted.
When I'm trying this over adb it says that I only have Read permissions. What am I doing wrong?
Put the phone into recovery mode then do the adb commands.
You only have read access while booted. R/W access while in recovery.
Mh I tried this but I couldn't even open the shell, said something.sh is missing.
You mean the normal recovery and not Clockworkmod or something, right?
You have to put it in the custom recovery. Clockworkmod or whichever one you use.
Ah okay, thank you, I will try that.
Though I need to use the normal recovery.
I tried it with clockwork now. It works but when I do "cd system" and do "ls" it's empty...so I can't see any app-folder?!
Edit: Oh I forgot - do I need to mount system first using the partitions menu?!
Eggcake said:
I tried it with clockwork now. It works but when I do "cd system" and do "ls" it's empty...so I can't see any app-folder?!
Edit: Oh I forgot - do I need to mount system first using the partitions menu?!
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Code:
mount /system
At the adb shell.
Oy, thanks now I finally got it
Remove worked, pull didn't (or it took >5min for a simple apk file and I aborted it too early).
Hello guys,
I probably did a stupid thing. I could'nt install an apk and figured that I could just push it to my android and see what happens. I didn;t think I would get in a bootloop though .
I had astrid.apk, it's modified so it is transparant. I could not install it in Android.
What i did:
Reboot in recovery
Did the fake flash to start Clockwork mod
Connect the Android to my pc with an USB cable
adb push astrid.apk /data/app
I read that about 1.2MB was written so I guess that went right.
Did I forget a / ?
Is the map app overwritten?
Well, next thing I did was a reboot and now I'm stuck in a bootloop.
I tried to delete the file (rm /data/app/astrid.apk, rm -r /data/app/astrid.apk). But it could not find file or directory.
I did this from the shell i starten with adb shell. And I tried it with adb shell rm ...
Did I screw up that /data/app map? What to do now?
edit:
I can do cd data. But when I do cd app (when in /data) then it says "you can't cd to app"...
it's adb shell, and while you are in there, press cd /data/app. while in the data folder, press 'ls' to list all entries. usually apk's have different names and stuff. look for the app and then press rm /data/app/... .apk
Make sure you are in recovery and have system mounted.
djind said:
it's adb shell, and while you are in there, press cd /data/app. while in the data folder, press 'ls' to list all entries. usually apk's have different names and stuff. look for the app and then press rm /data/app/... .apk
Make sure you are in recovery and have system mounted.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
"can't cd to /data/app"
img824.imageshack <remove> .us/img824/5049/shellz.jpg
edit:
I think I have overwritten the whole app map with the file astrid.apk, d*mn.
"adb push astrid.apk /data/app"
I would say, just wipe and start over..
This is how I usually do the stuff:
adb remount
adb shell
cd /data/app
ls
look for app to remove
rm ....apk
I am no pro, wipe is easy!
I made a complete nandroid backup this afternoon, I just did a partial restore, "data" and everything works fine again!
Thanks for helping. Lesson learned:
Linux != Windows (a whole map is easily overwritten with a file).
I doubt that you have overwritten a folder with a file. But good that everything is ok now.
djind said:
I doubt that you have overwritten a folder with a file. But good that everything is ok now.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I did a cat /data/app and i saw a lot of strange things, also strings and it was clear i saw the contents of astrid.apk. SO I really think I did.
After rooting my Galaxy Nexus with Wug's Root Toolkit and sim unlocking with the Docomo hack, and then restoring my apps/data (can't recall if I restored from GN Toolkit or Root Toolkit), my camera app was messed up--could snap pix but they didn't save; and video always fc'ed. The solution turns out to be to rename or delete the DCIM folder. I couldn't delete--so I renamed. Now I am trying to delete that DCIM.old folder and contents (eating up 1+G on my storage), but cannot delete either individual files or the folder. I'm sure there is a simple solution, but I can't find it. Help (even with a condescending attitude ) much appreciated!
zzcat
If you use a file explorer, that has it's standard directory at / then all you need to do is navigate to /mnt/sdcard/ then make sure it's mounted as R/W and not R/O, if all that is the way I said it, you shouldn't have problems deleting anything, if so, use the ADB and type:
Code:
adb shell rm /mnt/sdcard/<Folder>
That should then do the trick
You could also try the following Apps:
- Rootexplorer (paid)
- Astro File Manager
familyguy59 said:
If you use a file explorer, that has it's standard directory at / then all you need to do is navigate to /mnt/sdcard/ then make sure it's mounted as R/W and not R/O, if all that is the way I said it, you shouldn't have problems deleting anything, if so, use the ADB and type:
Code:
adb shell rm /mnt/sdcard/<Folder>
That should then do the trick
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
FamilyGuy, thanks for the suggestion, the problem seems to be bad permissions and I can't figure out how to fix them. Tried the "fix permissions" from recovery, as well as when booted, to no avail.
Typing
adb shell rm -rf /[directory]
gives me "permission denied"
So tried
chmod 666 /sdcard/.../*
but get an "operation not permitted" message.
So I'm really stuck here...
familyguy59 said:
If you use a file explorer, that has it's standard directory at / then all you need to do is navigate to /mnt/sdcard/ then make sure it's mounted as R/W and not R/O, if all that is the way I said it, you shouldn't have problems deleting anything, if so, use the ADB and type:
Code:
adb shell rm /mnt/sdcard/<Folder>
That should then do the trick
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Update: solved
boot into recovery mode
mount /data
adb shell
rm, rmdir etc. all work as expected from here, no need to chown or chmod anything
zz
I see you've solved this, but i thought i would throw this in anyway...
The easy way is to delete the files from /data/media
The sdcard directory is a symlink, so go to the true folder and you should have more success...
Sometimes the file ownerships get messed up after a cycle of recovering the OS and restoring files.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1515291&page=2
If you have any other directories/files that you can't modify or delete, then boot into CWM recovery, plug in the USB cable, go into adb shell. Also make sure that /data is mounted in the CWM mounts menu. Then:
cd /data/media
chown -R media_rw.media_rw *
This fixed it for me and others.
cmstlist said:
Sometimes the file ownerships get messed up after a cycle of recovering the OS and restoring files.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1515291&page=2
If you have any other directories/files that you can't modify or delete, then boot into CWM recovery, plug in the USB cable, go into adb shell. Also make sure that /data is mounted in the CWM mounts menu. Then:
cd /data/media
chown -R media_rw.media_rw *
This fixed it for me and others.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Thanks for this and other suggestions--my solution was trial and error, thrashing around in the dark (my unix command line chops are really, really rusty), and these are far more elegant. It's good to understand the underlying problem, your wisdom is appreciated.
Yes, permissions were messed up after rooting and applying a sim unlock hack, wiping and restoring from pre-unlock backup set. I see it so clearly now...
Problem can somebody help me?
Hello. I have a problem with my motorola defy+ running on gb 2.3.6 and is not ROOTED. Still he has an annoyng problem. After installing an aplication (not from the market) i saw that it didn't save data on the sd card. I uninstalled it and after a data factory reset i install apps such as temple run and Brother in Arms 2. At temple run it gave me this mesage
"File Access Problem Caution, unable to write files. This means your game progress can't be saved! Reason: Access to the path "/mnt/sdcard/Android/data/com.imangi.templerun/files/spaceholder.dat" is denied."
Also at Brother in Arms 2 the game didn't save. I rest the phone abouat 7-8 times.I changed the sd card. Note that the card was a 16 gb kingmax class 6 and put the 2 gb card that came with the phone. It all work smoothly. So what is the problem the sd card or the phone's software. Please answer i'm desparate and tired of wasting time.
This thread is about the Samsung Galaxy Nexus which has no external SD and uses a very different storage structure. I'm afraid we can't really help you here. Try the Defy forum.
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus using Tapatalk 2
zzcat said:
FamilyGuy, thanks for the suggestion, the problem seems to be bad permissions and I can't figure out how to fix them. Tried the "fix permissions" from recovery, as well as when booted, to no avail.
Typing
adb shell rm -rf /[directory]
gives me "permission denied"
So tried
chmod 666 /sdcard/.../*
but get an "operation not permitted" message.
So I'm really stuck here...
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Before chmod the folder, you needed to be root by entering 'su' after 'adb shell' .
It worked from cwm, because cwm gives root access.
Linux/Android are all about permissions.
Sent from my i9250
cmstlist said:
Sometimes the file ownerships get messed up after a cycle of recovering the OS and restoring files.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1515291&page=2
If you have any other directories/files that you can't modify or delete, then boot into CWM recovery, plug in the USB cable, go into adb shell. Also make sure that /data is mounted in the CWM mounts menu. Then:
cd /data/media
chown -R media_rw.media_rw *
This fixed it for me and others.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried your theory, and it didn't work, still get the message" unable to change ownership permission denied, in recovery mode.
we are still trying to find a solution, here is the discussion: http://www.slatedroid.com/topic/32434-i-got-my-smartq-t20/page__st__260 on Post # 277
rocketero said:
I tried your theory, and it didn't work, still get the message" unable to change ownership permission denied, in recovery mode.
we are still trying to find a solution, here is the discussion: http://www.slatedroid.com/topic/32434-i-got-my-smartq-t20/page__st__260 on Post # 277
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry to hear that. It sounds like the problem you are having is with a completely different device, so I can't really say why this may be occurring - I don't know how your device's file system is structured. This advice is specifically for the Galaxy Nexus. If a version of CWM exists for your smartQme device, I can't speak to whether it works properly and interprets commands the same way ours does.
cmstlist said:
Sorry to hear that. It sounds like the problem you are having is with a completely different device, so I can't really say why this may be occurring - I don't know how your device's file system is structured. This advice is specifically for the Galaxy Nexus. If a version of CWM exists for your smartQme device, I can't speak to whether it works properly and interprets commands the same way ours does.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
it's a 9.8 inches tablet branded named called "LePanII'. it has ICS now, before we had Honeycomb 3.2.1.
The manufacture of this tablet did such a bad partitioning that the /system partition was left only with merely 4MB of free space in it.
rocketero said:
it's a 9.8 inches tablet branded named called "LePanII'. it has ICS now, before we had Honeycomb 3.2.1.
The manufacture of this tablet did such a bad partitioning that the /system partition was left only with merely 4MB of free space in it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Good luck with your issue. I doubt it's related to the one we were having on the GNex though.
cmstlist said:
Sometimes the file ownerships get messed up after a cycle of recovering the OS and restoring files.
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1515291&page=2
If you have any other directories/files that you can't modify or delete, then boot into CWM recovery, plug in the USB cable, go into adb shell. Also make sure that /data is mounted in the CWM mounts menu. Then:
cd /data/media
chown -R media_rw.media_rw *
This fixed it for me and others.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Sorry if my question is dumb.
Does this command solve the problem for all the folders and sub-folders in sdcard? Thank you for your help!
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus
/data/media # chown -R media_rw.media_rw*
BusyBox v1.20.2-jb static (2012-10-25 21:29 +0100) multi-call binary.
Usage: chown [-RhLHP]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
-R Recurse
-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
I got this after giving the commands from recovery in adb shell.
What does that mean?
Jar3112 said:
/data/media # chown -R media_rw.media_rw*
BusyBox v1.20.2-jb static (2012-10-25 21:29 +0100) multi-call binary.
Usage: chown [-RhLHP]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
-RRecurse
-hAffect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-LTraverse all symlinks to directories
-HTraverse symlinks on command line only
-PDon't traverse symlinks (default)
I got this after giving the commands from recovery in adb shell.
What does that mean?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OK solved, I forgot the space before the *!
Worked like a charm!!
Sent from my Galaxy Nexus
I wanted to change my device model, so I copied build.prop from another mobile to my mobile. I am already rooted. But unfortunately I did not change the o.s. from gingerbread to froyo in build.prop ( I have android 2.2 FROYO) When I rebooted, there were many errors. It is now showing no sim card. Mobile network search gives error. Effectively, I can not use the mobile. Terminal emulator, X-plore etc. stopped working. Only Rom toolkit free version works and astro file manager works. Other programs are forcefully closed. Needles to say, I must replace new build.prop with new one.
Using adb I can only pull files but can not write as it is in read only mode.
adb root and adb remount works only if you are in recovery mode ? Y mobile does not have any custom recovery so when I boot in recovery mode it hangs.
Superuser has installed su in system\bin directory. But from adb shell I can use su also. It gives permission denied error. Hence I can not remount the system.
I have read similar threads and found that on some mobiles adb root or adb shell su works but on some not.
I am using Vista 32 bit with admin rights, still can not use root in adb.
Please tell me, how can I mount system read-write. I can not install root explore as google play and even internet is not working.
Please help.
maheshchavan said:
Using adb I can only pull files but can not write as it is in read only mode.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
activate USB debugging then in console
Code:
adb shell
su
mount -o rw,remount /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /system
adb push build.prop /system/build.prop
check where is your build.prop
ruscan.calin said:
activate USB debugging then in console
Code:
adb shell
su
mount -o rw,remount /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /system
adb push build.prop /system/build.prop
check where is your build.prop
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
OMG ruscan.calin i COULD KISS YOU! I had tried to change my OG EVO 4G's buildprop file to another phone so that I could purchase & download an incompatible Google Play app. However after I restarted the phone wouldn't start! It would boot into my rooted HTC EVO 4G Android 2.3.3 and HTC Sense 2.1 but it would get stuck on the wallpaper with just the notification bar at the top and all buttons would be frozen. However I noticed when I plugged in my phone to my computer via usb the computer recognized it. I always keep my phone with USB debugging enabled so I thought I should be good right? I have spent the last 4 hours trying to install and setup adb with no real previous experience with it. I am familiar with dos from years ago and that helped me as it's basic procedure, commands, etc. Then I found out how to install the HTC drivers which I needed and then download the Android SDK with adb that's included which many guides show easily. I started the command prompt (cmd), typed my adb devices command and hurray it showed my phone! I connected and quickly navigated to the build.prop system folder! Luckily when I changed the file I made a bak backup and left it in the same folder. Now the main issue was figuring out how to change the naming of the files which I did via usual adb commands (mv build.prop.bak build.prop). But then to no avail I couldn't get it to write due to it being a system read only folder! Arg! Then I found your post on here, above, and typed it in simply leaving out the adb push portion and replacing that with the mv file command instead and first changing the name of the bad file and then replacing the bak file as the good copy! I exited back to the adb main and unplugged my phone. Moment of truth and man was everything flashing through my head at once! I booted up and YESSSSSSSSSSSSSS, it worked! I went back into root explorer and got rid of the offending leftovers and I've learned my lesson! I just don't want to think about what would have happened if I hadn't found this post. Thank you and if anyone else makes this hug mistake let me know and maybe I can help. Moral of the story don't mess with the build.prop or any system folder unless you know what you're doing! Thanks again!
Quick Guide to Fix Android "build.prop" Issues:
1. Find and download USB drivers for your phone by model or type (HTC EVO 4G's HTC Fastboot drivers): http://downloads.unrevoked.com/HTCDriver3.0.0.007.exe
2. Download and install Android SDK and choose adb: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
Guide: http://htcevohacks.com/htc-evo-hacks/how-to-install-android-sdk-and-adb-drivers-for-htc-evo-4g/
3. Run a command prompt from the "c:/program files/android/android-sdk/platform-tools/" directory. I had to copy the command prompt to get it to open there but sometimes a right-click action will do it. The guide below will help just navigate down to "Using ADB" and skip the rest.
Guide: http://www.howtogeek.com/114667/how...y-default-move-almost-any-app-to-the-sd-card/
4. Once you open the command prompt and you're in the "c:/program files/android/android-sdk/platform-tools/" foler type "adb devices" and your device should appear. If it does move on to next step.
5. Then type adb shell and use the ls command to see directories. Then you'll need to navigate to the system folder by typing "cd system" and then type "ls" to look around in the directory (similar to "dir" in DOS). You should now see the bad build.prop file.
6. You'll need to rename the file or push a correct version. First you need to use the "adb shell" command again and then "su" and finally "mount -o rw,remount /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /system" to make the directory writable (see ruscan.calin post above for additional info).
Note: I only had to rename my build.prop as I already had my old one in the same system folder. You may have to copy the bad build.prop to your computer, edit it and then push it back to the same system directory. These directions are only for renaming files in the same folder. For the info on how to copy the file to your computer and push it back to your phone go to step *10 below or use the guide below it.
7. I already had the bad build.prop in the system directory with my old one which I had named build.prop.bak. If you have this too simply rename by changing the name first of the bad file to anything by typing "mv build.prop build.prop.bad" or similar.
8. Next rename the build.prop.bak to build.prop by typing "mv build.prop.bak build.prop". Everything should go smoothly and move onto the next step.
9. Finally, If no error messages are found, simply type "adb reboot" or "adb shell reboot" (Depending which version of ADB you have). You should be done, your phone will reboot like normal (working, lol) and everything should be working again! YAY!
*10. To copy the build.prop to your phone type "adb pull /system/build.prop c:\" and the file should be placed in the main c:/ directory on your computer. Navigate to the root (c:/) directory and then right click and "open with" the "build.prop" file using a notepad or other file editor. Then use the text editor (Notepad, etc) to change back what you originally changed to mess everything up. There is tons of stuff on the net to let you know what to fill back in depending on your phone model/type. Or it's possible to get a previous version from an old Nandroid backup or similar. Save the changed text file and make sure its named the same "build.prop" and make sure it's still in the root directory (If you're having issues on this step or just want more insight check out the guides and threads below for more help).
Guide 1: http://androidforums.com/admire-all...p-computer-not-phone-using-root-explorer.html
Guide 2: http://www.modaco.com/topic/328943-quick-guide-to-modifying-buildprop-with-adb/
Guide 3: http://forums.androidcentral.com/sp...-replaced-build-prop-phone-wont-start-up.html
*11. We've already made the directory writable in step 6 so we simply need to push the file back to the phone. If any error message appear re-do step 6 to make writable again. Otherwise push the modified file back to the phone by typing "adb push c:\build.prop /system/". Back to step 9 above! Yay!
If anyone wants to help cleanup this quick guide or make any changes feel free. I just wanted something so that if anyone else has this issue they won't have to worry or search forever to find a solution. OMG it's 2:30AM, to bed... I ride! LOL
Enjoy,
5th :highfive:
THANK YOU!!! Totally saved me today.
One thing that I noticed. After pushing the correct build.prop, I had to fully power down, then turn back on my Razr for it to load up the fixed build.prop.
error message,Help please
Hello, when i am going to mount and change the permission i am getting constant error od device not found or sh:not found.
What to do?Help me please?
jigarpattani said:
Hello, when i am going to mount and change the permission i am getting constant error od device not found or sh:not found.
What to do?Help me please?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
What step are you on? What phone do you have? More info please?
i am have problem whit my pantech flex i need to use the build.prop.bak but when i type the su it stay in blank do nothing any ideas pls help
ehy there hope someone can help me...i have an archos 97b platinum, messed up with build.prop. So i pulled out and restored but can't push in any way. I have a cwm installed, tablet rooted but i alwais got "permission denied" at push command. Other error is operation not permitted" if i try remount command from adb. i can do mount -o rw,remount /dev/block/mtdblock7 /system but after that push still give me permission denied.
any suggestion?
http://imgur.com/FDLp4fl
i open a 2nd cmd, give the mount -o rw,remount /dev/block/mtdblock7 /system , and system is now rw, but from the first cmd when i give "push build.prop /system (or /system/build.prop) it will always return me permission denied
help
dev.block
i want to view to dev/block using adb shell #
eg . what block is boot.img
what block is recovery.img
what block is system.img
what block is cache.ing
adb shell getprop mtd is not work . Pls Help Me & sent to mail [email protected]
I've been searching my _ off for two days now to find a solution for my problem, but I can't find one working for me.
What I do have right now:
NO working ROM (I believe because of a failed atempt to revert to a backup in CWM)
Access to my bootloader (unlocked through HTCDev)
Access to my recovery (Which is the latest CWM)
Fastboot/adb working
Phone boots upon the HTC logo screen
NO ROM zipfile on the SD-Card (I accidentilly deleted that, I still hate myself for that)
I've managed to push to ROM file into both /data and /system, which (ofcourse) isn't usefull to flash from because they don't show up in CWM.
What I've tried:
Reverting to a Nandroid backup, I've 2 on the sdcard. Both don't pass the part where /system is being restored.
'asd shell' to push files, or mount the SD card, does not work. First I had the error saying '--exec /system/bin/sh failure: file or dir not found (2)'. I managed to push the sh file into system, (and I believe into /system/bin), and the error changed to '[...] No directory (20)'
asd push /sdcard/; doesn't work because /sdcard is read-only.
In CWM I can't mount as USB storage, is says something about a file which can't be found.
TWRP recovery doesn't work on my device, I can touch whatever I wan't, the only button responding is the power button, which causes a locked recovery, which I can't unlock. (You need to swipe for that, which my phone seems to ignore).
I've read almost every topic on XDA and whatever Google could give me, but most solutions somewhere relied on the asd shell, or pushing into the /sdcard, or simply assume I still can mount as USB storage.
Does anyone have any suggestions left on howto get a ROM into the /sdcard so I can flash it? I would be thanking you forever!
Thanks in advance!
No ADB shell, then adb push *filename* /sdcard?
Maybe sideload a ROM?
Sent from my GT-I9300 using Tapatalk 4 Beta
I can't push files to the /sdcard since it's an read-only directory.
I tried the sideload part, but instead of executing something, it shows me the help of adb.
Any clue how to fix my shell, or get a ROM on it?
Tried typing 'adb remount' a few times and trying again?
Also, you should update your CWM to latest version so you can mount sdcard
tomascus said:
Tried typing 'adb remount' a few times and trying again?
Also, you should update your CWM to latest version so you can mount sdcard
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I tried using remount, but that is to remount the /system partition right? I can put the ZIP on the /system partition. But CWM can't install from there.
I'm using the last version of CWM, but it gives me an error about a file not being found, so I can't mound as USB Storage device.
I returned the phone, to the store. I pretty much gave up after another few hours of struggling.