Internet initial slow speed - Desire General

When I use the default browser, there is always an initial pause before the browser loads the site I have requested. Is there anyway to stop this from happening?
The pause can take up to 10-15secounds before it decides to load the site and its very annoying.

I´ve also this problem.
Fix?

Is this on Wi-fi or 3g? Or both

I've had a similar experience in the past while using 2g/3g. Concluded the DNS servers used by some mobile networks are very slow resulting what you are seeing.
It may be posible to specifiy an alternative DNS server to speed it up??

Both 2/3 g and wifi..
Any solution for this?
Thanks

If its wi-fi and 3g it wont be a dns problem, you tried clearing
some cache maybe??
Just a guess at a fix,
or try using a different browser?

Already tried both solutions... thanks anyway..
Anything else?

Which rom you using?
t-mobile, orange, or stock?

Its odd, mine sometimes does this. Mines sim free on a stock rom. Does it on orange or o2. Does it on different browsers too. It gives me the first few millimetres of render across the top bar then occasionally it just sticks for maybe 15 seconds. But it always does it at that first bit of loading the page. Most of the time it just moves like **** of a shovel from start to finish. Its not just on the very first connection either. You would possibly expect that first render to not be as snappy but theres no reason as to when it happens. Nothing major just something slightly annoying.

I also see this, WiFi and 3G.
Been using Opera mini 5 beta, the last two days, it is lot better/faster that the standard browser.
-------------------------------------
Sent via the XDA Tapatalk App

Ok.. i´ve just solved this problem regarding 3g browsing* but wifi browsing remains.
Any comments?
*Open the Phone dialer and type in *#*#4636#*#* (note the symbols are backwards)
Tap on Phone Information
Scroll Down and set your Preferred Network Type to GSM auto (PRL) - NOTE this does not disable 3G or HSDPA! Speed tests still show I am receiving speeds up to 2.4mbps - NOTE there will still be the 3G and H icons in your status bar
This has fixed the connection dropout issue for me, please let me know if this hasn't helped for someone else.

Have just tried this and things do seem to load faster. Why would it have been set to WCDMA as defualt do you think?

macuser said:
Ok.. i´ve just solved this problem regarding 3g browsing* but wifi browsing remains.
Any comments?
*Open the Phone dialer and type in *#*#4636#*#* (note the symbols are backwards)
Tap on Phone Information
Scroll Down and set your Preferred Network Type to GSM auto (PRL) - NOTE this does not disable 3G or HSDPA! Speed tests still show I am receiving speeds up to 2.4mbps - NOTE there will still be the 3G and H icons in your status bar
This has fixed the connection dropout issue for me, please let me know if this hasn't helped for someone else.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Hmmmmm didn't cgreg 92 originally post this? Cut and paste is great and all but credit where credits due! Anyway ive done this already, thanks to cgreg92. But the occasional delay still happens on all connections. Its not regular, just an occasional pain. A fix would be good?

True... copy and paste... but didn´t assume credits..just pointed to a parcial solution to my problem.. now that i´ve cleared that... any solutions out there to slow wifi (with strong signal)?

macuser said:
True... copy and paste... but didn´t assume credits..just pointed to a parcial solution to my problem.. now that i´ve cleared that... any solutions out there to slow wifi (with strong signal)?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This is a partial solution. It certainly calmed down my internet connection by 90 odd percent. But this slow occasional, sticking still exists on all connections. Interestingly, my internet connection now sticks about as often as it use to crash out. Its almost as if this method somehow forces the connection through. But like I say, it does occasionally still get stuck. I done this trick weeks ago now, and its still there, just alot better.

Related

Data connection keeps randomly not working?

It seems random when the data connection works and the internet works on my phone. I'll sit there with full 3G signal and i get "cannot find the DNS Server" error when trying to load webpages :S
is this a problem with my Samsung Omnia 7, Windows Phone 7 or my network (Orange UK)?
I have this problem on my HD7 as well. If I have a 3G connection, it doesn't work. It only works on H (HSDPA).
Funnily enough, I had the same issue with my HD2 running WM6.5, which makes me wonder if WP7 is using the same comms drivers.
I have this problem too! A LOT everyday in diferent locations.
Actually how can I enable the HSDPA on my HD7? Because I can only get 3G.
These are just network errors.
I use internet alot and it happens on every device I had.
My WP7 is actually pretty stable in this regard.
Same! Never works on 3g only ever H you sure its just network errors cause it happens alot
YES this is a major problem for me with my Omnia 7, I even got a replacement phone from my carrier (Optus Australia) because of it... and it's exactly the same. It's extremely frustrating and makes the phone damn near unusable. Happens on every device? what a load of rubbish, if I put the SIM in my old iPhone 3GS it works FLAWLESSLY. I don't know what I'm going to do.
doministry said:
These are just network errors.
I use internet alot and it happens on every device I had.
My WP7 is actually pretty stable in this regard.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Can you explain then, how come a reboot always fixes the problem?
Jim Coleman said:
Can you explain then, how come a reboot always fixes the problem?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yep, I have the same problem with my Omnia 7.
On all 3 of the networks i've used it on, T-Mobile, Virgin and GiffGaff.
Only solution is to reboot the phone.
I thing i've noticed, is it seems to happen when I move from an area where I have WiFi access (Home/Work/Cafe) to an area where i'm using a Phone network ?
I think we can only hope that the upcoming WP7 update fixes this. Also it seems enabling airplane mode then disabling it also fixes it in a similar way to rebooting the phone.
johnnymatrix said:
I think we can only hope that the upcoming WP7 update fixes this. Also it seems enabling airplane mode then disabling it also fixes it in a similar way to rebooting the phone.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'll make a note of that, cheers!
Im having the same issue with my HD7. Only EVER works on H. Not on G or 3G. It's driving me insane. The exact same sim on the same provider never had an issue on my Touch Pro 2, but this phone is shocking for internet
I get this occasionally on my HD7. Not really an issue right now. It does get annoying sometimes when the wifi in my house isnt strong enough to connect
mrcalais said:
Im having the same issue with my HD7. Only EVER works on H. Not on G or 3G. It's driving me insane. The exact same sim on the same provider never had an issue on my Touch Pro 2, but this phone is shocking for internet
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
You do realize that phones switch to H only while they are actively swapping data, then fall back to 3G while dormant, to save battery?
Try it - leave your phone alone for a bit and it will switch from H to 3G. Now access something on the net and it will switch to H (if possible) to get the data, then after a few seconds of inaction it will switch back to 3G.
So yes, it is correct that it only ever works on H!
Mind you, it would be nice if it worked on G too, I'm sure it should but mine never does.
hm i thought the " H " means that i dont get 3G signal.
but i think i had the same problem!
solution:
you only need to turn OFF WIFI
somehow its not using 3G when wifi networks are close,
even if you not connected to one.
turn OFF wifi or maybe only "discover new networks"
turning OFF wifi always brings me 3G back ...
Just to add my experience here...
I have a Samsung Omnia 7 and had never experienced any issues with 3G/H data/internet issues on the 3 network in the UK.
However, I've come over to Australia to visit the folks and have put in a Virgin SIM, now I really struggle with this. The connection just isn't working even with full 3G signal.
As pointed out, toggling my Airplane Mode works most of the time - I guess this is because the phone re-registers itself with the network when you enable>disable airplane mode (just like it would if you rebooted it). Curiously toggling the data connection option seems to have no effect.
Pain in the a*se.
I had connectivity issues with my Samsung Omnia 7. I worked out that my phone was not playing nice with my router and so my wifi connected but didn't actually work.
Also, I found that 3G performance was sub-par and many apps timed out because they were taking so long to get connection.
I solved these problems by flashing a new firmware. It was a little tricky and it is potentially risky, but a quick google will lead you to the relevant information.
I used a European firmware (I am in Australia on Optus), but it works fine. I just had to change all the language settings.
Now my phone's 3G and WiFi connections both work a lot faster (no more waiting for an eternity for the marketplace to open for example).
I have the same problem and read on create.msdn.com it has something to do with how wp7 handles the connections.
If the provider cuts off the connection frequently it loses its 3g signal or something like that. Thats why my push notifications are just unreliable. If I take my sim out and use wifi only. It just works and keeps working as soon as I connect to wifi. When 3g comes into play and the carrier cuts me off because im not actively using, the phone struggles to recconect for push etc.

Radios Dropping

Anyone have an issue with their phone randomly dropping Wifi/Cell connections? Sometimes it doesn't happen for a day or two sometimes it happens 3 times in 5 minutes.
Starting to think my phone is defective...
If you are on a custom rom try going back to stock and see if it's the same. If stock try to update profile
Sent from my t0ltespr
epicnoob66 said:
If you are on a custom rom try going back to stock and see if it's the same. If stock try to update profile
Sent from my t0ltespr
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I've tried that and it's still dropping... Would PRL/Profile also effect my Wifi connection? All data connections drop.
chunology said:
I've tried that and it's still dropping... Would PRL/Profile also effect my Wifi connection? All data connections drop.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm having the same issue with Wifi. It'll still show as being "connected", but there won't be any data coming through. I'll have to toggle Wifi on/off to get it back. Sometimes it'll work for a couple of hours before having the data issue again, sometimes less than a minute.
I'm on stock, rooted.
Turn off the connections optimizer :banghead:
Sent from my SPH-L900 using xda premium
fatboypup said:
Turn off the connections optimizer :banghead:
Sent from my SPH-L900 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Connections optimizer has been turned off AND frozen using TiB from day one. So that's obviously not it.
fatboypup said:
Turn off the connections optimizer :banghead:
Sent from my SPH-L900 using xda premium
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
enormous said:
Connections optimizer has been turned off AND frozen using TiB from day one. So that's obviously not it.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Connections optimizer is off for me too - My phone shows a clear signal disconnect and reconnect (The wifi bars/3g symbol disappears completely) during this time all data connections fails - including texts. This is happening when I'm staying in one area so it couldn't be a tower reconnection issue.
I'm going to try taking my phone into a sprint store today to see what they say.
chunology said:
Connections optimizer is off for me too - My phone shows a clear signal disconnect and reconnect (The wifi bars/3g symbol disappears completely) during this time all data connections fails - including texts. This is happening when I'm staying in one area so it couldn't be a tower reconnection issue.
I'm going to try taking my phone into a sprint store today to see what they say.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Ah, it sounds like our issues may be different then. My issue is solely with Wi-Fi (haven't noticed issues with 3G). When it happens for me the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar doesn't change, I just can't connect to anything.
Sent from my SPH-L900 using Tapatalk 2
enormous said:
Ah, it sounds like our issues may be different then. My issue is solely with Wi-Fi (haven't noticed issues with 3G). When it happens for me the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar doesn't change, I just can't connect to anything.
Sent from my SPH-L900 using Tapatalk 2
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yup, same here. Seems like the 3G radio does the same thing, but not necessarily at the same time as the WIFI. At first I thought is was only the WIFI too, but 3G is affected, though not to as severe a degree. My WIFI was actually disconnecting and failing to reconnect. Turning off connection manager made no difference. I did however notice that the WIFI at my work (WEP encryption) never seemed to do this (at least I didn't notice), so I changed my home network WPA to WEP and sure enough, it stays connected. Was still failing to load occasionally, so I went even further and changed the router to a single channel rather than "Auto" and set it to "N Only" (due to having a similar problem with a laptop I used to have, with a similar solution). Problem fixed. I'm using an Amped R10000 just FYI, not sure if it matters. Very annoying, and given the number of occurances being sufficient to start a thread, I'm assuming this is a common issue and will hopefully be fixed by a firmware update. In the meantime, we should probably all start calling Sprint daily and complaining. Maybe they're not even aware of it. Probably not enough of these phones in circulation yet for them to worry about it.
Mine will do this from time to time. Stock not rooted. I will have full 3g bars and full wifi bars and my data will just hang. If I turn off wifi everything works again. Some times when I load a game that has to connect to Facebook to play against friends I have to close the app/game, remove it from memory and reload it to get the data to work. Same thing for Pandora. It will load a song to 2% and hang until I stop wifi or reboot the phone. It's not an everyday thing but some days are worse then others.
Sent from my SPH-L900 using XDA Premium HD app
"Good to see" from the perspective I thought it was just me. Things described by others happening to me as well. Personally, I find I like the wifi/3g auto connectivity feature - when it works. Got my SGNII on Thurs last week, and connected to wifi at work on Friday no issues. This morning, the Note picked up my work wifi without a hitch.
At home, over the weekend, I was getting spotty connection, sometimes no connection to my wifi. (Disclaimer - I have my main wifi @ N/5ghz. An access point was added with wireless G via an old Netgear router-turned-AP.) After several attempts of moving the AP from one cat6 jack to another, I finally moved it to my main level. Oddly enough, so far, so good. Certainly possible the router's radio is pooping out.
What I notice happen with connection issues though seem related to the Note seeing my wireless G, trying to connect, but unable to do so until/unless I reboot my phone. After moving to the new location/jack, everything seems to work OK now (knock on wood).
Having said that... I also think the 3g radio (HW or SW?) is a bit wonky, as my old HTC Hero seemed to have more bars at home, IIRC. Whatever it is, just seems a bit lacking, IMHO.
Sprint is updating to LTE in many markets ive noticed my 3G drops says preparing networks and reestablishes the connection to 3G. I live in Fort Wayne and issue the permits for the tower co-locates and they are close to going live with LTE here so I know thats my problem. I can live with the flakiness for a few more days. I have not had issues with WIFI drops at home.
Sent from my SPH-L900 using xda app-developers app
The same thing has been happening to me here on Long Island. 3g drops and reconnects. Sometimes it doesn't and a reboot fixes it. I also notice after the disconnect and reconnect it states my PRL is unknown. I have done a PRL update many times, a Profile Update, a RTN reset, and a factory reset. This happens on the stock rom and any custom ROM. It's driving me insane!
hmm maybe mobile settings?
Ive found LTE/CDMA setting to be not so good.
Its providing me eHRPD signal which is stop and go web browsing is murder.
CDMA only setting is providing Rev A signal fast web browsing
Sigh, so it seems as if you guys are losing wifi/3g....is it affecting voice radios or LOS/dropped calls?
sledgie said:
Sigh, so it seems as if you guys are losing wifi/3g....is it affecting voice radios or LOS/dropped calls?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I haven't been on the phone when it's happened so I couldn't tell you - Nothing like the LOS on the E4GT. When the data connection does cut out it immediately reconnects. Doesn't really impair the functionality of the phone but it happens enough to be annoying. With a 300$ price tag I expect my device to be without defect.
sling said:
hmm maybe mobile settings?
Ive found LTE/CDMA setting to be not so good.
Its providing me eHRPD signal which is stop and go web browsing is murder.
CDMA only setting is providing Rev A signal fast web browsing
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
This ^, I have been having lots of problems with the Note 2 and connectivity. Especially with my airvana. Changing from LTE/CDMA to CDMA fixed all my problems including the random drop/reconnects with WiFi.
sledgie said:
Sigh, so it seems as if you guys are losing wifi/3g....is it affecting voice radios or LOS/dropped calls?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I'm not having LOS /dropped calls just data creep with LTE/Cdma setting enabled.
Speed test show same data speed numbers as CDMA only setting but when browsing data arrows tend to pause more making for slower page upload with LTE/CDMA setting enabled.
According to Sprint store tech such performance is common with that setting.
sling said:
hmm maybe mobile settings?
Ive found LTE/CDMA setting to be not so good.
Its providing me eHRPD signal which is stop and go web browsing is murder.
CDMA only setting is providing Rev A signal fast web browsing
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I am on CDMA only. I should have mentioned that in my first post. This does affect phone calls too as ill be on the phone and the call will drop and the "out of service area" message comes up. It doesnt matter if I'm on my Airave or not. I tried different prls which doesn't seem to make a difference. I am starting to think there is something wrong with the phone as my girlfriends S3 doesn't do this. Maybe Samsung will release some sort of update to fix this issue.
Flak said:
This ^, I have been having lots of problems with the Note 2 and connectivity. Especially with my airvana. Changing from LTE/CDMA to CDMA fixed all my problems including the random drop/reconnects with WiFi.
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
I made the change back to CDMA only mode this morning and it has solved my WiFi issues as well. I was also struggling getting a GPS lock with LTE enabled. GPS toolkit would show 20/21 satellites found but it would never get a lock. After the reboot back into CDMA mode it locked in 5 seconds.
Sent from my SPH-L900 using Tapatalk 2

[Q] [SOLVED] Intermittent Mobile Connectivity

This is a repost of a post made in the wrong forum: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=41965120#post41965120
---
Hi all
A search of the forums revealed 5 potential threads similar to this but not quite (not same symptom, phone, modem ...)
Keep loosing mobile data connection...
I have installed X-note 3 and found that my mobile internet is intermittent particularly in Youtube where I frequently have to click "No connection , Retry" or "Connection to Server lost, Retry" and in Play Store and Gmail where the problem tends to occur on a screen unlock after it has been unused for a few minutes - about 3 to 5 mins.
I dont believe this is a ROM issue because I d/l various ROMS such as Revolution, Alliance, PacMan, Paranoid and still I get the problem.
I tried installing all 9 of these radios here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/show....php?t=2044937 to no avail.
Also notice that if I set Network Mode to "GSM only" then this makes no difference to the problem (the default is "GSM/WCDMA Auto" which is what I've set it back to)
WiFi works fine.
Any ideas?
same issue here.
a lot of time trying to know why this happen. and i think it is due to fast dormancy.
the phone usually stays in standby in 3g... when you request some data it will automatically turn h or h+. Here is when you will notice the internet moving.
But unfortunately if you have some.coverage issues you can have this problem and then the programs instantly report no conection. If you insist you will see you can obtain connection. 5 seconds later 3g will appear again
It does not mind you will see the bars of coverage at maximum... if there is no quality signal you will have this problem.
I just have this problem at work. Not in other places.
But if you want a constant connection I recommend to keep for example online music while navigating...this will avoid the issue...unfortunately you will increase your data plan..
Yes!! This is exactly what happens.
So it can't be my specific phone but perhaps a hardware design or software issue. I don't recall this I happening before I rooted
Weird
Fixed it - so far at least
Fast Dormancy is the problem. It was enabled by default and I have turned this off. The connection is now fine and seems to be "always on". For me this is okay because I do not have any data limits or pay per MB for data. I do notice that new connections take a little longer to start (for example, time taken to access internet when opening up an app that is not currently running) . This is not noticeable for apps already running (in the background)
This explains ....
http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1952005

note 4 wifi issue

ok so i searched everywhere for this and couldn't find a solution. i have a note 4 and it will connect to my home wifi just fine. i can search the internet on it, but facebook doesn't load and neither do certain games and the app market loads very very slowly. when i had my S4, it would do everything just fine. i was at my friends house and connected to his wifi and everything loaded lightning fast. so i know it's a problem with my wifi, i just don't know what.
my modem is netgear and my router is belkin AC 1200
any ideas on what to check so i can fix it? i suck up a lot of data lol
Do a speed test on your wifi with another device to determine if it is your phone or your wifi. How does your phone perform on 4g? Does it do the same thing?
the wifi is fine. i can browse the internet, watch netflix, etc. When i'm on my data, everything loads like it normally would.
bump for some help
-Torres- said:
bump for some help
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Try hard resetting you router and before customizing it(changing SSID, encryption, etc...), test it with your phone to see if its any better.
it didn't seem to help. it's dual band and i tried on both. it wouldn't even load the google play until i switched bands.
any other ideas of a possible fix?
-Torres- said:
any other ideas of a possible fix?
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
Yes.
I just got my VZW Note 4 yesterday and noticed almost the exact same problem. There is a little bit of info out there talking about things like power saving mode and stuff, but I noticed that my speedtest.net throughput was excellent. My next thoughts were DNS resolution or an IPv6 problem. Turns out my wireless router had a default setting with IPv6 routing enabled, but my ISP does not serve IPv6. You may notice the same kind of initial lag on Ubuntu installs (especially with certain VPS providers) where every single command you issue seems to take ages to start, but then completes quickly. I know how to deal with Ubuntu to force a preference for IPv4, but a locked down Samsung phone is a different matter entirely. Thankfully, I was able to just turn it off in the router.
For my specific router (Belkin AC1200 DB), the user interface has an IPv6 settings page, but the options they present to end users isn't intuitive. I changed my 'connection type' on this page to "Local Pass-Through Only", and my problem immediately went away. Have a look and see if you find anything similar.
Thanks, and good luck!
Aggraxis
Aggraxis said:
Yes.
I just got my VZW Note 4 yesterday and noticed almost the exact same problem. There is a little bit of info out there talking about things like power saving mode and stuff, but I noticed that my speedtest.net throughput was excellent. My next thoughts were DNS resolution or an IPv6 problem. Turns out my wireless router had a default setting with IPv6 routing enabled, but my ISP does not serve IPv6. You may notice the same kind of initial lag on Ubuntu installs (especially with certain VPS providers) where every single command you issue seems to take ages to start, but then completes quickly. I know how to deal with Ubuntu to force a preference for IPv4, but a locked down Samsung phone is a different matter entirely. Thankfully, I was able to just turn it off in the router.
For my specific router (Belkin AC1200 DB), the user interface has an IPv6 settings page, but the options they present to end users isn't intuitive. I changed my 'connection type' on this page to "Local Pass-Through Only", and my problem immediately went away. Have a look and see if you find anything similar.
Thanks, and good luck!
Aggraxis
Click to expand...
Click to collapse
DUDE!! this is exactly what i was looking for. i think this fixed my issue. surfed facebook briefly and it loaded everything instantly. i'll check more as the day goes on. thanks so much man
Fixed My Issue too!
Hey Guys
Newbie here! I just wanted to say that this fixed my problem as well. I don't usually post as you can tell by my info but this was worth coming out of the dark to reply to.
Now to clarify, I too have a Belkin router AC1200 so it may be specific to those. Anyway thanks for the help and enjoy the fish!
someone sticky this! i have the same wifi issue , i am at work right now but i will try it when i get home! , i hope this works!
I am having this same issue bUT Comcast here uses ipv6 as well,I have a Belkin n1 router what do I do?
---------- Post added at 07:39 PM ---------- Previous post was at 06:50 PM ----------
never mind i disable ipv6 in my comcast modem and it seen to do the trick, any idea why this is happening?
I've been having the exact same issue on my Note 4. for the past week or so. Our router/modem is a DPC3941T from Comcast, and I can't seem to find how to turn off IPv6. This setting was under Connections > Local IP Network. If anyone could help instruct me further, you would be a great help. I'm pushing my data cap for the month as it is because of this >.<
I'm having the same problem too. The funny thing is that I went to the Verizon store to see if they could trouble shoot it and the phone did not work on their wifi network either! I realize now how to access my IPv6 settings in my router and that does seem to fix the issue. Unfortunately I cant imagine very many businesses with wifi networks will allow me to reconfigure their router everytime I want to use wifi.....
I started having this issue when I upgraded to lollipop. My Netgear C6300 AC1750 doesn't seem to have an option to disable ipv6 though. Any suggestions?

HTC10 wireless issues

Hi folks,
Had a search in here and the rest if the internet (maybe not all of it...) but struggling to find anything to match my problem.
It rears its head in a couple of ways. First off, I'm getting a lot of what appear to be DNS issues on 4G data (DNS server address cannot be found). Sometimes toggling data or airplane mode will fix it. Works fine on Wi-Fi, but could be when it's first switched from Wi-Fi to mobile data.
Second one... Cell connection and GPS connections will drop (line through signal strength bars, sat Nav app showing no GPS) but will reconnect after half a minute or so.
Can't tell if the two issues are related as they both appear to be quite random. Any help would be greatly appreciated and stop me littering the street with a phone being thrown out of the window.
More info: I can search from the search bar and get results, but clicking on a link and opening the browser or chrome results in the DNS errors. Also, can't pin it down to chrome, as similar things happen in Relay (Reddit browser).
I'm having the same problem, were you able to resolve it? Not sure if its a problem with the phone or network but know someone else who's having the same thing (EE UK network).
I was having the issue last week on EE UK. It seemed to be dependent on area too. Its resolved now for me

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